Hepatic nonvesicular cholesterol transport is critical for systemic lipid homeostasis
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA849943 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:In cell models, changes in the “accessible” pool of plasma membrane (PM) cholesterol are linked with the regulation of ER sterol synthesis and metabolism by the Aster family of nonvesicular transporters. However, the relevance of such nonvesicular transport mechanisms for lipid homeostasis in vivo has not been defined. Here we reveal two physiological contexts that generate accessible PM cholesterol and engage the Aster pathway in liver: fasting and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). During fasting, adipose tissue–derived fatty acids activate hepatocyte sphingomyelinase to liberate sequestered PM cholesterol. Aster-dependent cholesterol transport during fasting facilitates cholesteryl ester (CE) formation, cholesterol movement into bile, and VLDL production. During RCT, HDL delivers excess cholesterol to the hepatocyte PM through SR-BI. Loss of hepatic Asters impairs cholesterol movement into feces, raises plasma cholesterol levels, and causes cholesterol accumulation in peripheral tissues. These results reveal fundamental mechanisms by which Aster cholesterol flux contributes to hepatic and systemic lipid homeostasis.
2022-10-24 | GSE206278 | GEO
Project description:In cell models, changes in the 'accessible' pool of plasma membrane (PM) cholesterol are linked with the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum sterol synthesis and metabolism by the Aster family of nonvesicular transporters; however, the relevance of such nonvesicular transport mechanisms for lipid homeostasis in vivo has not been defined. Here we reveal two physiological contexts that generate accessible PM cholesterol and engage the Aster pathway in the liver: fasting and reverse cholesterol transport. During fasting, adipose-tissue-derived fatty acids activate hepatocyte sphingomyelinase to liberate sequestered PM cholesterol. Aster-dependent cholesterol transport during fasting facilitates cholesteryl ester formation, cholesterol movement into bile and very low-density lipoprotein production. During reverse cholesterol transport, high-density lipoprotein delivers excess cholesterol to the hepatocyte PM through scavenger receptor class B member 1. Loss of hepatic Asters impairs cholesterol movement into feces, raises plasma cholesterol levels and causes cholesterol accumulation in peripheral tissues. These results reveal fundamental mechanisms by which Aster cholesterol flux contributes to hepatic and systemic lipid homeostasis.
| S-EPMC9995220 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Abnormal distribution of cellular cholesterol is associated with numerous diseases, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Regulated transport of cholesterol is critical for maintaining its proper distribution in the cell, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that lipid transfer proteins, namely ORP9, OSBP, and GRAMD1s/Asters (GRAMD1a/GRAMD1b/GRAMD1c), control non-vesicular cholesterol transport at points of contact between the ER and the trans-Golgi network (TGN), thereby maintaining cellular cholesterol distribution. ORP9 localizes to the TGN via interaction between its tandem α-helices and ORP10/ORP11. ORP9 extracts PI4P from the TGN to prevent its overaccumulation and suppresses OSBP-mediated PI4P-driven cholesterol transport to the Golgi. By contrast, GRAMD1s transport excess cholesterol from the Golgi to the ER, thereby preventing its build-up. Cells lacking ORP9 exhibit accumulation of cholesterol at the Golgi, which is further enhanced by additional depletion of GRAMD1s with major accumulation in the plasma membrane. This is accompanied by chronic activation of the SREBP-2 signalling pathway. Our findings reveal the importance of regulated lipid transport at ER-Golgi contacts for maintaining cellular cholesterol distribution and homeostasis.
2023-09-24 | GSE240960 | GEO
Project description:Abstract: The LXR and SREBP transcription factors are key regulators of cellular and systemic cholesterol homeostasis. The molecular mechanisms that integrate these pathways are incompletely understood. Here we show that ligand activation of LXRs in liver not only promotes cholesterol efflux, but also simultaneously inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis. We further identify the long non-coding RNA LeXis as an unexpected mediator of this effect. LeXis is robustly induced in mouse liver in response to western diet feeding or pharmacologic LXR activation. Expression of LeXis in liver inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis and lowers plasma cholesterol levels. Reciprocally, knockdown of LeXis increases hepatic cholesterol content and raises plasma cholesterol levels. LeXis interacts with the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Raly and regulates its binding to cholesterol biosynthetic gene promoters. These studies outline a regulatory role for a non-coding RNA in lipid metabolism and advance our understanding of the mechanisms orchestrating systemic sterol homeostasis. Global RNA expression from primary hepatocytes treated with or without GW3965 were compared by RNA-Seq.
2016-02-10 | E-GEOD-77793 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Intestinal cholesterol absorption is an important determinant of systemic cholesterol homeostasis. Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1), the target of the drug ezetimibe, is a critical player in dietary cholesterol uptake. But how cholesterol moves within the cell downstream of NPC1L1 is unknown. Here we show that the nonvesicular sterol transporters Aster-B and -C cooperate with NPC1L1 to deliver dietary cholesterol from the gut lumen to the enterocyte ER for chylomicron packaging. Aster proteins are recruited to the enterocyte plasma membrane (PM) in response to NPC1L1-dependent cholesterol accumulation. Mice lacking Asters in intestine have impaired cholesterol absorption, and reduced plasma cholesterol. NanoSIMS imaging and tracer studies reveal delayed lipid trafficking into chylomicrons in Aster-deficient enterocytes. Interestingly, in addition to potently blocking NPC1L1, ezetimibe is also a low-affinity inhibitor of Aster-B and -C but not -A, and the structure of the Aster-C-ezetimibe complex reveals the basis for this selectivity. Our findings support a model in which NPC1L1 enriches dietary cholesterol at the apical PM, and ASTERs subsequently traffic this cholesterol to the ER. The findings identify the enterocyte Aster pathway as potential target for treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Alessandra Ferrari, PhD
2023-12-21 | GSE206780 | GEO
Project description:Abstract: The LXR and SREBP transcription factors are key regulators of cellular and systemic cholesterol homeostasis. The molecular mechanisms that integrate these pathways are incompletely understood. Here we show that ligand activation of LXRs in liver not only promotes cholesterol efflux, but also simultaneously inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis. We further identify the long non-coding RNA LeXis as an unexpected mediator of this effect. LeXis is robustly induced in mouse liver in response to western diet feeding or pharmacologic LXR activation. Expression of LeXis in liver inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis and lowers plasma cholesterol levels. Reciprocally, knockdown of LeXis increases hepatic cholesterol content and raises plasma cholesterol levels. LeXis interacts with the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Raly and regulates its binding to cholesterol biosynthetic gene promoters. These studies outline a regulatory role for a non-coding RNA in lipid metabolism and advance our understanding of the mechanisms orchestrating systemic sterol homeostasis.
2016-02-10 | GSE77793 | GEO
Project description:Understanding the systemic regulation of normal prostate gene expression by cholesterol diet is critical for deciphering the mechanisms responsible for the transition from healthy to pathogenic prostate conditions. To understand mechanism under cholesterol effect on prostate, we performed microarray analysis using LNCaP human prostate cells cultured in low cholesterol medium. The RNA is obtained from LNCaP human prostate cells serum-starved for 0h, 3h, 16h followed by CLM medium.
2011-12-01 | E-GEOD-25472 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) is preferentially expressed in cancer to regulate anabolic metabolism. However, the metabolic requirements of PKM2 in tumorigenesis have yielded contradictory results. Herein we discovered that this glycolytic enzyme regulates lipid homeostasis in cancer cell autonomous manner and at systemic levels. Transmembrane protein 33 (TMEM33) was identified as a downstream effector of PKM2, whose expression level positively correlates with plasma total cholesterol level in vivo. Loss of PKM2 leads to up-regulation of TMEM33, which recruits ring finger protein 5 (RNF5) to promote SCAP ubiquitination and degradation, thereby inhibiting Golgi translocation and activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1). Moreover, global PKM2 knockout promoted allografted tumor growth, at least partially attributes to the elevated plasma cholesterol level caused by increased intestinal Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) to facilitate cholesterol absorption. Collectively, PKM2-TMEM33 axis modulates cell autonomous lipid metabolism by regulating SREBP activation. PKM2 in small intestine plays critical functions in controlling systemic cholesterol level. Overall, our results underscore unappreciated functions of PKM2 in lipid homeostasis and imply that combining an allosteric activator of PKM2 with NPC1L1 inhibitor represents a therapeutic invention for cancer treatment.
2021-08-06 | PXD026434 | Pride
Project description:During autophagy, cytosolic cargo is sequestered into double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes. The origin and identity of the membranes that form the autophagosome remain to be fully characterized. Here, we investigated the role of cholesterol in starvation-induced autophagy and identify a role for the ER-localized cholesterol transport protein GRAMD1C in the regulation of autophagy and mitochondrial function. We demonstrate that cholesterol depletion leads to a rapid induction of autophagy, possibly caused by a corresponding increased abundance of curved autophagy membranes. We further show that GRAMD1C is a negative regulator of starvation-induced autophagy. Similar to its yeast orthologue, GRAMD1C is recruited to mitochondria through its GRAM domain. Additionally, we find that GRAMD1C depletion leads to increased mitochondrial cholesterol accumulation and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Finally, we demonstrate that expression of GRAM family genes is linked to clear cell renal carcinoma survival, highlighting the pathophysiological relevance of cholesterol transport proteins.
2022-10-19 | PXD027502 | Pride
Project description:Regulation of cellular cholesterol distribution via non-vesicular lipid transport at ER-Golgi contact sites
| PRJNA1005938 | ENA