Project description:Understanding the mode of action of nanomaterials (NMs) aids in improving predictions and environmental risk assessment. In the present study, a high-throughput (HTP) microarray was used to study Enchytraeus crypticus gene expression. Four Ag materials (Ag NM300K, PVP-coated AgNPs, AgNPs, and AgNO3) were tested at reproduction effect concentrations, EC20 and EC50, to anchor gene expression responses to higher effect level. The results showed that while PVP-AgNPs and AgNPs had similar responses, Ag NM300K caused effects via a differentiated transcriptomic profile, with uniquely affected processes (e.g. transcytosis). For the AgNPs, the EC50 negatively affected apoptosis, which can lead to accumulation of abnormal cells and cause apical damage (reproduction). Mechanisms which are known to be related to Ag toxicity and which were observed here for the various Ag forms included apoptosis regulation, cell redox homeostasis, impairment of energy production and response to DNA damage. This HTP genomic tool enabled discrimination between Ag materials, which is not possible via standard tests (i.e. survival and reproduction endpoints). Moreover, gene expression analysis provided information regarding the mechanisms of toxicity of NMs and the pathways uniquely affected by NMs. An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) was drafted for the first time for Ag NMs; this AOP can and should be used as a basis for further research.
Project description:To identify genes and pathways involved in AgNPs and Ag ion toxicity, mRNA microarray analysis was conducted on human Jurkat T cells. The results indicate that more DEGs were induced by AgNPs than by Ag ion and AgNPs induced gene expression were not clustered with control and Ag ion induced ones. DEG analysis indicated that metallothionein (MT) 2A, 1H, 1F, and 1A and endonucleases G like 1 (ENDOGL1) were upregulated by AgNPs exposure more than 2 folds compared to control. Jurkat T cells were exposed to 0.2 mg/L of AgNPs and Ag ions for 24 h. After treatment, total RNA was extracted and microarray was conducted on control, AgNPs treated and Ag ion treated Jurktat T cells. Microarray analysis were performed in triplicate. Jurkat T cells were exposed to 0.2 mg/L of AgNPs and Ag ions for 24 h. After treatment, total RNA was extracted and mi RNA microarray was conducted on control, AgNPs treated and Ag ion treated Jurktat T cells.
Project description:To identify genes and pathways involved in AgNPs and Ag ion toxicity, mRNA microarray analysis was conducted on human Jurkat T cells. The results indicate that more DEGs were induced by AgNPs than by Ag ion and AgNPs induced gene expression were not clustered with control and Ag ion induced ones. DEG analysis indicated that metallothionein (MT) 2A, 1H, 1F, and 1A and endonucleases G like 1 (ENDOGL1) were upregulated by AgNPs exposure more than 2 folds compared to control.
Project description:RNA-Seq analysis was used for deep sequencing of transcriptome to detected molecular mechanisms of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and distinguish the effects of Arabidopsis thaliana exposure to AgNPs and Ag+.We identified 626 and 767 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) influenced by AgNPs and Ag+ respectively.302 genes were specifically regulated by the AgNPs treatment indicates that the nanoparticle-specific effects.This study provide a valuable resource for the discovery of genes related to special toxicity mechanism of AgNPs.
Project description:Transcriptomic changes induced by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) during spontaneous differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were characterized and compared to those induced by Ag+ under otherwise identical conditions. C57BL/6 mESCs were allowed to differentiate after embryoid body (EB) formation and were exposed to 5.0 µg/ml 20 nm AgNPs or 5.0 µg/ml Ag+ for 24 h.
Project description:Sequencing the metatranscriptome can provide information about the response of organisms to varying environmental conditions. We present a methodology for obtaining random whole-community mRNA from a complex microbial assemblage using Pyrosequencing. The metatranscriptome had, with minimum contamination by ribosomal RNA, significant coverage of abundant transcripts, and included significantly more potentially novel proteins than in the metagenome. Keywords: metatranscriptome, mesocosm, ocean acidification
Project description:Sequencing the metatranscriptome can provide information about the response of organisms to varying environmental conditions. We present a methodology for obtaining random whole-community mRNA from a complex microbial assemblage using Pyrosequencing. The metatranscriptome had, with minimum contamination by ribosomal RNA, significant coverage of abundant transcripts, and included significantly more potentially novel proteins than in the metagenome. Keywords: metatranscriptome, mesocosm, ocean acidification This experiment is part of a much larger experiment. We have produced 4 454 metatranscriptomic datasets and 6 454 metagenomic datasets. These were derived from 4 samples. The experiment is an ocean acidification mesocosm set up in a Norwegian Fjord in 2006. We suspended 6 bags containing 11,000 L of sea water in a Coastal Fjord and then we bubbled CO2 through three of these bags to simulate ocean acidification conditions in the year 2100. The other three bags were bubbled with air. We then induced a phytoplankton bloom in all six bags and took measurements and performed analyses of phytoplankton, bacterioplankton and physiochemical characteristics over a 22 day period. We took water samples from the peak of the phytoplankton bloom and following the decline of the phytoplankton bloom to analyses using 454 metagenomics and 454 metatranscriptomics. Day 1, High CO2 Bag and Day 1, Present Day Bag, refer to the metatranscriptomes from the peak of the bloom. Day 2, High CO2 Bag and Day 2, Present Day Bag, refer to the metatranscriptomes following the decline of the bloom. Obviously High CO2 refers to the ocean acidification mesocosm and Present Day refers to the control mesocosm. Raw data for both the metagenomic and metatranscriptomic components are available at NCBI's Short Read Archive at ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/Studies/SRP000/SRP000101
Project description:Mesocosms (600 L) were deployed at the Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) in Austral late summer during a high nutrient, low chlorophyll period. One mesocosm represented control, present-day conditions (high nutrients/low temperature/low pCO2/low Fe/low irradiance), while the other was amended to represent a projected 2100 scenario (low nutrients/high temperature/high pCO2/high Fe/high irradiance). Approximately 2 L were filtered from the mesocosms onto 5 µm filters at Days 0, 2, 4, and 7 of the incubation.
Project description:We generated RRBS data to analyse the DNA methylation profiling among WT-AG-haESCs, DKO-AG-haESCs and round spermatids, we found deletion of H19 and Gtl2 DMRs do not change the methylation patterns in AG-haESCs base on all detected CpG sites.