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Targeted DNA integration in human cells without double-strand breaks using CRISPR RNA-guided transposases

ABSTRACT: Targeted DNA integration in human cells without double-strand breaks using CRISPR RNA-guided transposases

PROVIDER: PRJNA925176 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR23110900_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR23110900_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR23110901_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR23110901_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR23110894_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Targeted DNA integration in human cells without double-strand breaks using CRISPR RNA-guided transposases

Project description:Traditional genome-editing reagents such as CRISPR-Cas9 achieve targeted DNA modification by introducing double-strand breaks (DSBs), thereby stimulating localized DNA repair by endogenous cellular repair factors. While highly effective at generating heterogenous knockout mutations, this approach suffers from undesirable byproducts and an inability to control product purity. Here we develop a system in human cells for programmable, DSB-free DNA integration using Type I CRISPR-associated transposons (CASTs). To adapt our previously described CAST systems, we optimized DNA targeting by the QCascade complex through a comprehensive assessment of protein design, and we developed potent transcriptional activators by exploiting the multi-valent recruitment of the AAA+ ATPase, TnsC, to genomic sites targeted by QCascade. After initial detection of plasmid-based transposition, we screened 15 homologous CAST systems from a wide range of bacterial hosts, identified a CAST homolog from Pseudoalteromonas that exhibited improved activity, and increased integration efficiencies through parameter optimization. We further discovered that bacterial ClpX enhances genomic integration by multiple orders of magnitude, and we propose that this critical accessory factor functions to drive active disassembly of the post-transposition CAST complex, akin to its demonstrated role in Mu transposition. Our work highlights the ability to functionally reconstitute complex, multi-component machineries in human cells, and establishes a strong foundation to realize the full potential of CRISPR-associated transposons for human genome engineering.

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Doxorubicin induces double-strand breaks at CpG island promoters

Project description:Doxorubicin is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug that intercalates between DNA base-pairs and posions Topoisomerase II, although the mechanistic basis for cell killing remains speculative. Here we show that both anthracyclines and Topoisomerase II poison cause enhanced DNA double-strand breaks around CpG island promoters of active genes genome-wide. We propose that torsion-based enhancement of nucleosome turnover exposes promoter DNA, ultimately causing DNA breaks around promoters that contributes to cell killing. We have analyzed mouse squamous cell carcinoma cells treated with doxorubicin, aclarubicin and etoposide. The direct in situ Breaks Labeling, Enrichment on Streptavidin (BLESS, PMID 23503052) method was used for mapping DNA double-strand breaks genome-wide.

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DNA double-strand breaks induced by high NaCl occur predominantly in gene deserts

Project description:High concentration of NaCl increases DNA breaks both in cell culture and in vivo. The breaks remain elevated as long as NaCl concentration remains high and are rapidly repaired when the concentration is lowered. Repair of the breaks after NaCl is reduced is accompanied by formation of foci containing phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX), which occurs around DNA double-strand breaks and contributes to their repair. By chromatin immunoprecipitation using anti-γH2AX antibody, followed by massive parallel sequencing (ChIP-Seq), we find that during repair of double–strand breaks induced by high NaCl, γH2AX is predominantly localized to regions of the genome devoid of genes (“gene deserts”), indicating that the high NaCl-induced double-strand breaks are located there. Localization to gene deserts helps explain why the DNA breaks are less harmful than are the random breaks induced by genotoxic agents such as UV radiation, ionizing radiation and oxidants. We propose that the universal presence of NaCl around animal cells has directly influenced the evolution of the structure of their genomes.

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Doxorubicin induces double-strand breaks at CpG island promoters

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DNA double-strand breaks induced by high NaCl occur predominantly in gene deserts

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In depth mapping of DNA-PKcs and ATM kinase signaling responses to double strand breaks.

Project description:In depth analysis of double strand break signaling was performed using mouse Pre-B cells and Human HCT116 cells. Our analysis included the induction of double strand breaks with ionizing radiation with the addition of ATM and DNA-PKcs inhibitors, alone and in combination.

2024-10-17 | PXD042258 | Pride

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