Project description:Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) play a key role in tissue mediated immunity and can be controlled by co-receptor signaling. Here we define a subset of ILCs that are Tbet+NK1.1- and are present within the tumor microenvironment (TME). We show programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) expression on ILCs within TME is found in Tbet+NK1.1-ILCs. PD-1 significantly controlled the proliferation and function of Tbet+NK1.1-ILCs in multiple murine and human tumors. We found tumor derived lactate enhanced PD-1 expression on Tbet+NK1.1-ILCs within the TME, which resulted in dampened mTOR signaling along with increased fatty acid uptake. In line with these metabolic changes, PD-1 deficient Tbet+NK1.1-ILCs expressed significantly increased IFNg, granzyme B and K. Furthermore, PD-1 deficient Tbet+NK1.1- ILCs contributed towards diminished tumor growth in an experimental murine model of melanoma. These data demonstrate that PD-1 can regulate anti-tumor responses of Tbet+NK1.1-ILCs within the tumor microenvironment.
Project description:The role of antibody and B cells in preventing infection is established. In contrast, the role of B cell responses in containing chronic infections remains poorly understood. IgG2a (IgG1 in humans) can prevent acute infections and T-bet promotes IgG2a isotype switching. However, whether IgG2a and B cell-expressed T-bet influence the host-pathogen balance during persisting infections is unclear. Here we demonstrate that B cell specific loss of T-bet prevents control of persisting viral infection. T-bet in B cells not only controlled IgG2a production, but also mucosal localization, proliferation, glycosylation, and a broad transcriptional program. T-bet controlled a broad antiviral program in addition to IgG2a since T-bet in B cells was imÂportant even in the presence of virus-specific IgG2a. Our data supports a model in which T-bet is a universal controller of antiviral immunity across multiple immune lineages. Naïve, Tbet+, and Tbet- Memory B cells were assayed for gene expression Tbet GFP reporter mice were infected with LCMV clone 13, and target B cell populations were sorted from splenocytes at day 10 post-infection
Project description:We recently found that a unique subset of innate-like γδ T cells develop from the DN2a-stage of the fetal thymus independent of the zinc-finger transcription factor B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 11b (Bcl11b). Herein we characterized these Bcl11b-independent γδ T cells in the periphery as CD5−NK1.1+ and Granzyme B+, and show that they are capable of producing interferon (IFN)-γ upon T cell receptor stimulation without Ca2+ influx. In wild-type mice, these cells were sparse in lymphoid tissues but abundant in non-lymphoid tissues such as the liver. Bcl11b-independent CD5−NK1.1+ γδ T cells appeared and contributed to early protection before Bcl11b-dependent CD5+NK1.1− γδT cells following Listeria monocytogenes infection, recapitulating their appearance during thymic development.
Project description:Genetically programmed deaths play important roles in the biology of unicellular prokaryotic cells. Some gene complexes force their maintenance on the host bacterial cells by killing cells that have lost them. This form of programmed death called post-segregational killing or genetic addiction is brought about by several Type II restriction-modification gene complexes, through restriction attack on the undermethylated chromosome, and underlie their behavior as selfish mobile elements. To learn the genetic steps to death, we examined how carriage and loss of PaeR7I restriction-modification gene complex affect host Escherichia coli cells through transcriptome and experimental analyses. The PaeR7I complex was on a temperature-sensitive plasmid so that the killing was induced by a temperature shift. We used microarrays to detail the global program of gene expression underlying cell death process mediated by PaeR7I restriction-modification system in E. coli. Experiment Overall Design: Post-segregational cell killing was induced by blocking replication of a temperature sensitive plasmid carrying PaeR7I RM gene complex by shifting up the cultivation temperature. At 30℃, the permissive temperature for the plasmid replication, growth as monitored by OD660, of MG1655/pTN9 (r+m+) was indistinguishable from those of MG1655/pTN11 (r-m+) and MG1655/pHSG415 (vector). Cell death was observed at least 4 h after the temperature shift only in MG1655/pTN9 (r+m+) as in the previous works; the increase in viable cell counts stopped and resulted in decrease of cell viability. To analyze global gene expression when cells went to death, we performed transcriptome analysis 0 h, 1h, 1 h 50 min, and 3h after the temperature shift. We used Affimetrix E. coli antisense genome array. Experiments were performed independently twice.