GDF15 reduces NAFLD through mechanisms that are independent of the suppression of food intake
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA955666 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR24166700_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR24166700_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR24166701_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR24166701_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR24166702_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Elevation of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has recently emerged as a key driver of cancer cachexia, a syndrome of extreme weight loss that affects patients with various types of cancer. Chemotherapy, as well as the tumour itself have been reported to contribute to increased GDF15 secretion in both cancer and host tissues. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) domain proteins have been shown to regulate GDF15 expression in pancreatic cancer cells. With currently neither preventive strategies nor specific therapeutic options for cachexia available, antibodies targeting GDF15 or its receptor are being developed. However, the mechanism of chemotherapy-induced GDF15 upregulation in tumour and host cells is still unknown, leaving uncertainty about safety and efficacy of therapies targeting retrospective reduction of GDF15 in cancer cachexia. We tested various cardiotoxic drugs for their effect on GDF15 regulation in cardiomyocyte cell culture and analysed gene expression, mutational status, and pathway activities of the NCI-60 cancer cell line panels to get further insights into the regulation of GDF15 expression in both cancer and host cells upon treatment with anticancer drugs. To investigate the regulatory effect of BET inhibition on GDF expression more extensively, we screened BET inhibitors in doxorubicin treated human cardiomyocyte cell culture as well as in 21 cancer cell lines and performed differential analysis of gene expression, metabolites, and pathway activities. Our results reveal that DNA interacting compounds induce GDF15 expression in human cardiomyocytes up to 20-fold, whereas cardiotoxic drugs with other modes of action led, if at all, to less than 3-fold induction. We discovered that BET inhibitors suppress doxorubicin-induced GDF15 overexpression in human cardiomyocytes up to 7.4-fold (p=0.0051). In cancer cell lines, we identified compound-specific gene signatures that correlate with the extent of GDF15 induction upon treatment in the espective cell line. BET inhibition also reduces GDF15 expression in a defined subset of cancer cell lines that differentiate from the other tested cell lines in a less active PI3K/Akt axis and significantly higher extracellular pantothenate concentration (p=0.00095). We identified compound- and cell-line-specific gene signatures that predict GDF15 upregulation upon treatment, providing indication that the risk for drug-induced GDF15 overexpression and concomitant cachexia can be reduced by a biomarker-driven selection of patient-specific anticancer agents. Our results suggest that BET inhibitors could counteract cachexia at the transcriptional level in tumour and host tissues by reducing GDF15 expression. We identified characteristic gene and metabolite expressions of responsive cancer cell lines that can serve as biomarkers for patient selection.
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Project description:Elevation of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has recently emerged as a key driver of cancer cachexia, a syndrome of extreme weight loss that affects patients with various types of cancer. Chemotherapy, as well as the tumour itself have been reported to contribute to increased GDF15 secretion in both cancer and host tissues. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) domain proteins have been shown to regulate GDF15 expression in pancreatic cancer cells. With currently neither preventive strategies nor specific therapeutic options for cachexia available, antibodies targeting GDF15 or its receptor are being developed. However, the mechanism of chemotherapy-induced GDF15 upregulation in tumour and host cells is still unknown, leaving uncertainty about safety and efficacy of therapies targeting retrospective reduction of GDF15 in cancer cachexia. We tested various cardiotoxic drugs for their effect on GDF15 regulation in cardiomyocyte cell culture and analysed gene expression, mutational status, and pathway activities of the NCI-60 cancer cell line panels to get further insights into the regulation of GDF15 expression in both cancer and host cells upon treatment with anticancer drugs. To investigate the regulatory effect of BET inhibition on GDF expression more extensively, we screened BET inhibitors in doxorubicin treated human cardiomyocyte cell culture as well as in 21 cancer cell lines and performed differential analysis of gene expression, metabolites, and pathway activities. Our results reveal that DNA interacting compounds induce GDF15 expression in human cardiomyocytes up to 20-fold, whereas cardiotoxic drugs with other modes of action led, if at all, to less than 3-fold induction. We discovered that BET inhibitors suppress doxorubicin-induced GDF15 overexpression in human cardiomyocytes up to 7.4-fold (p=0.0051). In cancer cell lines, we identified compound-specific gene signatures that correlate with the extent of GDF15 induction upon treatment in the espective cell line. BET inhibition also reduces GDF15 expression in a defined subset of cancer cell lines that differentiate from the other tested cell lines in a less active PI3K/Akt axis and significantly higher extracellular pantothenate concentration (p=0.00095). We identified compound- and cell-line-specific gene signatures that predict GDF15 upregulation upon treatment, providing indication that the risk for drug-induced GDF15 overexpression and concomitant cachexia can be reduced by a biomarker-driven selection of patient-specific anticancer agents. Our results suggest that BET inhibitors could counteract cachexia at the transcriptional level in tumour and host tissues by reducing GDF15 expression. We identified characteristic gene and metabolite expressions of responsive cancer cell lines that can serve as biomarkers for patient selection.
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Project description:Anorexia and other side effects of chemotherapy significantly limit the clinical applications of these chemotherapeutic agents, with underlying mechanisms still unclear. A growing body of research reveals that elevated levels of circulating GDF15 after chemotherapy are essential in initiating anorexia and other side effects by activating GFRAL+ neurons in the brainstem. However, the full array of context-dependent transcriptional regulators controlling Gdf15 expression remains to be defined. This study reports that chemotherapy drugs acutely stimulate liver GDF15 production via selective activation of the hepatic stress sensor IRE1α, thereby controlling circulating GDF15 levels. Genetic ablation of hepatic IRE1α reduces circulating GDF15 and alleviates anorexia and body weight loss following chemotherapy drug treatments in tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, chemotherapy drugs activate hepatic IRE1α RNase activity to produce the active form of the transcription factor XBP1 to promotes the expression of Gdf15 gene in hepatocytes. Moreover, treatment with pharmacological IRE1α RNase inhibitor effectively suppresses liver Gdf15 expression and circulating GDF15 levels, resulting in improvements in chemotherapy-induced anorexia and body weight loss. Our results reveal a stress-responsive mechanism that mediates communication between the liver and brain. This mechanism can be targeted pharmacologically to alleviate anorexic side effects that accompany chemotherapy-induced body weight loss.
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Project description:Hepatic transcriptome response to high dietary cholesterol intake in pig NAFLD model
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Project description:The TGFβ cytokine family member, GDF15, reduces food intake and body weight and represents a potential treatment for obesity. Because the brain stem-restricted expression pattern of its receptor, GDNF Family Receptor α–like (GFRAL), presents an exciting opportunity to understand mechanisms of action for area postrema neurons in food intake, we generated GfralCre and conditional GfralCreERT mice to visualize and manipulate GFRAL neurons. We found infection or pathophysiologic states (rather than meal ingestion) stimulate GFRAL neurons. TRAP-Seq analysis of GFRAL neurons revealed their expression of a wide range of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Artificially activating GfralCre-expressing neurons inhibited feeding, decreased gastric emptying, and promoted a conditioned taste aversion (CTA). GFRAL neurons most strongly innervate the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), where they target CGRP-expressing (CGRPPBN) neurons. Silencing CGRPPBN neurons abrogated the aversive and anorexic effects of GDF-15. These findings suggest that GFRAL neurons link non-meal-associated, pathophysiologic signals to suppress nutrient uptake and absorption.
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