Project description:Purpose:The red coloration of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is due to the accumulation of anthocyanins in the fruit peel. Light is essential for anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple.Apple peel can quickly turn red under light conditions after unbagging. Therefore, the implementation of transcriptome sequencing to find genes that promote anthocyanin accumulation in response to light signals is necessary to clarify the mechanism of light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple peel.
Project description:Here, we conducted an tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics analysis of apple fruit development over five growth stages. Our objective was to gain a global overview of the dynamics of apple fruit development and identify key regulatory networks and proteins that contribute to fruit development and the metabolism and accumulation of sugars and acids for fruit quality improvement.
Project description:Members of the tomato clade exhibit wide diversity in fruit coloration, growth habit, leaf morphology and mating preferences. However, the mechanisms governing inter-species diversity in fruit coloration are largely unknown. Therefore, a proteomic approach combined with carotenoid profiling and carotenogenic gene expression was used to decipher the diversity in carotenogenesis in green-fruited Solanum habrochaites, orange-fruited S. galapagense, and red-fruited S. pimpinellifolium with S. lycopersicum, cv. Ailsa Craig (tomato).
Project description:Molecular events regulating apple fruit ripening and sensory quality are largely unknown. Such knowledge is essential for genomic-assisted apple breeding and postharvest quality management. In this study, a parallel transcriptome profile analysis, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination and systematic physiological characterization were performed on two apple cultivars, Honeycrisp (HC) and Cripps Pink (CP), which have distinct ripening features and texture attributes. Systematic physiological characterization of fruit ripening based on weekly maturity data indicated substantial differences in fruit crispness and firmness at comparable ripening stages. SEM images of fruit cortex tissues prepared from fruits with equivalent maturity suggested that the cell wall thickness may contribute to the observed phenotypes of fruit firmness and crispness. A high-density long-oligo apple microarray consisting of duplex 190,135 cross-hybridization-free 50-70-mer isothermal probes, and representing 23,997 UniGene clusters, was manufactured on a Nimblegen array platform. Transcriptome profiling identified a total of 1793 and 1209 UniGene clusters differentially expressed during ripening from cortex tissues of HC and CP, respectively. UniGenes implicated in hormone metabolism and response, cell wall biosynthesis and modification and those encoding transcription factors were among the prominent functional groups. Between the two cultivars, most of the identified UniGenes were similarly regulated during fruit ripening; however, a short list of gene families or specific family members exhibited distinct expression patterns between the two cultivars, which may represent candidate genes regulating cultivar-specific apple fruit ripening patterns and quality attributes.
Project description:Molecular events regulating apple fruit ripening and sensory quality are largely unknown. Such knowledge is essential for genomic-assisted apple breeding and postharvest quality management. In this study, a parallel transcriptome profile analysis, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination and systematic physiological characterization were performed on two apple cultivars, Honeycrisp (HC) and Cripps Pink (CP), which have distinct ripening features and texture attributes. Systematic physiological characterization of fruit ripening based on weekly maturity data indicated substantial differences in fruit crispness and firmness at comparable ripening stages. SEM images of fruit cortex tissues prepared from fruits with equivalent maturity suggested that the cell wall thickness may contribute to the observed phenotypes of fruit firmness and crispness. A high-density long-oligo apple microarray consisting of duplex 190,135 cross-hybridization-free 50-70-mer isothermal probes, and representing 23,997 UniGene clusters, was manufactured on a Nimblegen array platform. Transcriptome profiling identified a total of 1793 and 1209 UniGene clusters differentially expressed during ripening from cortex tissues of HC and CP, respectively. UniGenes implicated in hormone metabolism and response, cell wall biosynthesis and modification and those encoding transcription factors were among the prominent functional groups. Between the two cultivars, most of the identified UniGenes were similarly regulated during fruit ripening; however, a short list of gene families or specific family members exhibited distinct expression patterns between the two cultivars, which may represent candidate genes regulating cultivar-specific apple fruit ripening patterns and quality attributes. Using a single color labeling system, a total of 24 microarray slides were utilized, one for each cortex tissue sample, for transcriptome profiling analysis. 2 cultivars x 3 developmental stages x 4 biological replicates.
Project description:Apple (Malus domestica Borkh) is an important fruit crop cultivated in a broad range of environmental conditions. Apple fruit, and specifically peel tissue, ripening is a physiological process whose molecular regulatory networks response to different environments are still not sufficiently investigated. In this study, the influence of low (20 m) and high (750 m) altitude environmental conditions in peel tissue was assessed by physiological measurements combined with global metabolite and protein expression profiling during apple fruit development and ripening. Although apple fruit ripening was unaffected by the different environmental conditions, however several key color parameters, such as redness and the color percentage index, were induced by high altitude. Consistent with this, increased level of anthocyanin and other phenolic compounds, including cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and chlorogenic acid were identified in apple peel at high altitude. Also, high altitude environment, particularly, at the ripening period, up-accumulated various carbohydrates (eg., arabinose, xylose and sucrose) while repressed glutamic acid and several related proteins such as glycine hydroxymethyltransferase and glutamate–glyoxylate aminotransferase. Other processes affected by high altitude concerned the TCA cycle, the synthesis of oxidative/defense enzymes, and the accumulation of photosynthetic proteins. Finally, we constructed a metabolite-protein network depicting the impact of altitude on peel ripening. These data provide insights into physiological processes linked to apple peel ripening across different climatic conditions and will assist in efforts to improve apple fruit appeal and quality.
Project description:Apple (Malus domestica Borkh) is an important fruit crop cultivated in a broad range of environmental conditions. Apple fruit, and specifically peel tissue, ripening is a physiological process whose molecular regulatory networks response to different environments are still not sufficiently investigated. In this study, the influence of low (20 m) and high (750 m) altitude environmental conditions in peel tissue was assessed by physiological measurements combined with global metabolite and protein expression profiling during apple fruit development and ripening. Although apple fruit ripening was unaffected by the different environmental conditions, however several key color parameters, such as redness and the color percentage index, were induced by high altitude. Consistent with this, increased level of anthocyanin and other phenolic compounds, including cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and chlorogenic acid were identified in apple peel at high altitude. Also, high altitude environment, particularly, at the ripening period, up-accumulated various carbohydrates (eg., arabinose, xylose and sucrose) while repressed glutamic acid and several related proteins such as glycine hydroxymethyltransferase and glutamate���glyoxylate aminotransferase. Other processes affected by high altitude concerned the TCA cycle, the synthesis of oxidative/defense enzymes, and the accumulation of photosynthetic proteins. Finally, we constructed a metabolite-protein network depicting the impact of altitude on peel ripening. These data provide insights into physiological processes linked to apple peel ripening across different climatic conditions and will assist in efforts to improve apple fruit appeal and quality.
Project description:Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is a model fruit species to study the metabolic changes occurring at the onset of ripening as well the physiological mechanism governed by the hormone ethylene. In this survey, to dissect the climacteric interplay in apple, a multidisciplinary approach was employed. To this end, a comprehensive analysis of gene expression together with the investigation of several physiological entities (texture, volatilome and polyphenolic compounds) was carried out throughout fruit development and ripening. The transcriptomic profiling was conducted with two microarray platforms, a custom array dedicated to fruit ripening pathways (iRIPE) and a whole genome array specifically enriched of ripening related genes for apple (WGAA). The transcriptomic and phenotypic changes following the application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an ethylene inhibitor, were also highlighted. The suppression of ethylene modified and delayed the ethylene receptors turnover, leading to important modifications in the overall fruit physiology. The integrative comparative network analysis showed both negative and positive correlations between ripening related transcripts and accumulation of specific metabolites or texture components. The ripening distortion caused by the inhibition of the ethylene perception besides affecting the ethylene and texture control, stimulated the de-repression of auxin related genes, transcription factors and photosynthethic genes. In the end, the comprehensive repertoire of results obtained here step forwards in the elucidation of the multi-layered control of ethylene, hypothesizing a possible hormonal cross-talk coupled with a transcriptional regulation. 48 samples analyzed; 8 stages have been identified over the fruit development and ripening (from flower to post harvest ripening) of apple fruit belonging to two apple cultivars (Golden Delicious and Granny Smith), ending with 16 samples (3 replacates for each sample)
Project description:Based on sensorial analysis over 4 years, 6 apple genotypes with contrasted fruit texture (mealy or not) were selected among a progeny. Apple samples were collected at 100 days after flowering (100 DAF), harvest (H), after 2 and 4 months of cold storage (60DAH and 120DAH respectively).
Project description:Gene expression associated with apple fruit ripening and postharvest treatments was studied to identify transcripts that are regulated by ethylene signaling.