Project description:In this study, we evaluated the effects of milli-meter waves on structured Glioblastoma organoids to assess the possibility of therapeutic applications. The exposure setup was completely developed, and the dosimetry carried on based on both numerical and experimental activities. Our results showed that continuous milli-meter waves at 30.5 GHz affect cell proliferation and apoptosis, thus not affecting the differentiation status of the organoids composing of GBM cells. By applying the power level of 0.1 W (RMS), we obtain a synergistic effect with the chemotherapeutic Temozolomide in terms of GBM cell death. All these data open the way to an interventional window in which to treat GBM cells (i.e. with TMZ) exploiting 30.5 GHz CW exposure for potential therapeutic purposes thus improving GBM future management, which remain extremely difficult so far. Our investigation sheds light on the characterization of possible bio-effects of MMW (30.5 GHz CW) on GBM organoids highlighting cell and molecular responses in a relevant 3D tumor model.
Project description:This study assessed changes in gene expression in 7 mouse brain regions using Illumina Mouse WG-6 (v2) beadchips after exposure to 1.9 GHz continuous-wave radiofrequency field exposure for 4h/day for 5 days. High dose RF field exposure was whole body average SAR and brain average SAR were 1.36 W/kg and 0.19 W/kg, respectively. Total RNA isolated from the amygdala, caudate, cerebellum, hippocampus, hypothalamus and medial prefrontal cortex of 1.9 GHz continuous-wave radiofrequency field exposed mice and compared to that in sham (handled) exposed animals. An unhandled control group was also included in the study design. A total of 20 RNA samples (5 independent biological tissues for each of 4 treatment groups) were collected for each brain region. When analysis of gene expression was conducted within individual brain regions when controlling the false discovery rate (FDR), no differentially expressed genes were identified relative to the sham control. However, it must be noted that most fold changes among groups were observed to be less than 1.5 fold and this study had limited ability to detect such small changes. While some genes were differentially expressed without correction for multiple-comparisons testing, no consistent pattern of response was observed among different RF-exposure levels or among different RF-modulations. The current study provides the most comprehensive analysis of potential gene expression changes in the rodent brain in response to RF field exposure conducted to date. Within the exposure conditions and limitations of this study, no convincing evidence of consistent changes in gene expression was found in response to 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated RF field exposure.
Project description:incubation for 15 min and 30 min of human liver sinusoidal cell cultures with virulent or virulence-attenuated Entamoeba histolytica or incubation without parasites added
Project description:To evaluate the effect of millimeter waves (MMW) exposure on the gene expression, we have employed whole genome microarray expression profiling. Neonatal primary Keratinocyte cells pooled from 3 healthy donors were exposed ex vivo, 3 hours at 20 mW/cm². At this condition, corresponding to the maximum power density authorized for public use, MMW exposure induces a significant increase of the temperature and 665 genes were found differentially expressed. To determine the role of hyperthermia in this response, several controls were performed. When the temperature artificially maintained constant, no specific gene modifications were observed after exposure. However, a heat shock control did not mimic exactly the MMW effect: 34-gene signatures were identified between 20 mW/cm2 MMW exposure and its relative heat shock control. Differential expression of seven genes (ADAMTS6, NOG, IL7R, FADD, JUNB, SNAI2 and HIST1H1A) from this signature were confirmed by duplication of the whole experiment and real-time PCR analysis. Gene expression in human keratinocytes was measured after a 60 GHz-exposure at 20 mW/cm2, for 3 h (Expo). It was compared to cells cultured in unexposed condition (Sham). As millimeter wave (MMW) exposure increase temperature in the cell medium, two controls were performed: 1) MMW exposure (3 h, 60 GHz, 20 mW/cm²) with the heat increase compensated to maintain constant the physiological temperature (CompT_Expo); 2) Heat shock control (HSC) to mimicking the heat effect of MMW exposure.
Project description:Millimeter waves are new broadband frequencies that start to be used in several applications such as future wireless communications, medical, and also non-lethal weapons (the 94-GHz band in Active Denial Systems). However, low information are available on their potential effects on human. These frequencies belong to radiofrequency and they have the property to be stopped by the first layer of the skin. Therefore our studies have aimed to evaluate 94 GHz effects on skin cells whole gene expression. Chronic long term 94 GHz MMW exposures were performed on two rat populations constituted by 17 young animals and 14 adult ones. Each group of animals were equally split in Exposed and Sham exposed subgroup. This two independent exposure experiments were conducted during 5 months, with rats exposed 3 h per day, 3 days per week, to an incident power density of 10 mW/cm², which correspond to twice the ICNIRP limit of exposure for professional. At the end of the experiment, skin explant were taken and RNA were extracted. Then, the modification of the whole gene expression were analyzed with gene expression microarray. Without modification of the animal’s temperature, long term chronic 94 GHz-MMW exposure did not significantly modify the rat’s skin gene expression on both young and adult rats.
Project description:Millimeter waves are new broadband frequencies that start to be used in several applications such as future wireless communications, medical, and also non-lethal weapons (the 94-GHz band in Active Denial Systems). However, low information are available on their potential effects on human. These frequencies belong to radiofrequency and they have the property to be stopped by the first layer of the skin. Therefore our studies have aimed to evaluate 94 GHz effects on skin cells whole gene expression. Chronic long term 94 GHz MMW exposures were performed on two rat populations constituted by 17 young animals and 14 adult ones. Each group of animals were equally split in Exposed and Sham exposed subgroup. This two independent exposure experiments were conducted during 5 months, with rats exposed 3 h per day, 3 days per week, to an incident power density of 10 mW/cm², which correspond to twice the ICNIRP limit of exposure for professional. At the end of the experiment, skin explant were taken and RNA were extracted. Then, the modification of the whole gene expression were analyzed with gene expression microarray. Without modification of the animal’s temperature, long term chronic 94 GHz-MMW exposure did not significantly modify the rat’s skin gene expression on both young and adult rats.
Project description:The biological effect of radiofrequency (RF) fields remains controversial. We address this issue by examining whether RF fields can cause changes in gene expression. We observed that 221 genes altered their expression after a 2-hour exposure. The number of affected genes increased to 759 after a 6-hour exposure. Functional classification of the affected genes reveals that apoptosis-related genes were among the up-regulated ones and the cell cycle genes among the down-regulated ones. We observed no significant increase in the expression of heat shock genes. These results indicate that the RF fields at 2.45 GHz can alter gene expression in cultured human cells through non-thermal mechanism. Keywords: gene expression SAGE We used the pulsed RF fields at a frequency of 2.45 GHz that is commonly used in telecommunication to expose cultured human HL-60 cells. We used the SAGE (serial analysis of gene expression) method to measure the RF effect on gene expression at the genome level.
Project description:Comparison of C57BL/6J 8-10 weeks male mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) from normal liver and from liver injured by carbon tetrachloride administration. Keywords: other
Project description:Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (350 - 400 g) were anaesthetized with 3% isoflurane for 3 min in a closed induction chamber. A helium driven shock tube was used at various shock wave pressures (20 - 30 psi). The exposure system has been developed so that the animals are exposed head only to a ?primary blast? that being a single pulse shock wave with only minimal concussive and whiplash effects. After exposure, rats were closely observed for either 1 day or 7 days before being sacrificed. At the end of the observation period, rat whiskers were quickly pulled and placed in a 1.5 ml micro centrifuge tube containing 0.5 ml of RNAlater. Samples were then stored at -80C until further analysis.