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Population Structure, and Comparative Genome Hybridization of European flor yeast reveal a unique family with few gene duplications.

ABSTRACT: Wine biological ageing is led in different countries in Europe: Spain, Italy, France, and Hungary, but until now no comparison of all these flor strains has been led. In this manuscript we investigated the population structure of these European flor strains from their microsatellite genotypes and analysed as well as their ploidy. We showed that almost all of these strains belong to the same cluster, and are mainly diploids. In order to detect a shared amplification pattern, we compared the hybridization profile on array of 6 flor strains from these four countries, and found only 2 genes amplified in the genome of 4 strains. Finally FLO11 polymorphism analysis revealed that most strains carry a 111 deletion in ICR1 non coding RNA, except a group of Jura Flor strains, which in contrast presented longer central core of the protein Flo11p. These results show that amplification is very likely not the main mechanism leading to the adaptation of flor yeast, and suggest that different adaptive itineraries can leading to an increase of hydrophobicity and velum formation. Wine and flor strains hybridization on affymetrix yeast2 arrays are compared to S288C Each strain is compared to S288C and is hybridized in duplicate or triplicate

ORGANISM(S): Saccharomyces cerevisiae x Saccharomyces kudriavzevii

SUBMITTER: Jean-Luc Legras

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-55925 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Population Structure and Comparative Genome Hybridization of European flor yeast reveal a unique group of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with few gene duplications in their genome

Project description:Wine biological aging is a wine making process used to produce specific beverages in several countries in Europe, including Spain, Italy, France, and Hungary. This process involves the formation of a velum at the surface of the wine. Here, we present the first large scale comparison of all European flor strains involved in this process. We inferred the population structure of these European flor strains from their microsatellite genotype diversity and analyzed their ploidy. We show that almost all of these flor strains belong to the same cluster and are diploid, except for a few Spanish strains. Comparison of the array hybridization profile of six flor strains originating from these four countries, with that of three wine strains did not reveal any large segmental amplification. Nonetheless, some genes, including YKL221W/MCH2 and YKL222C, were amplified in the genome of four out of six flor strains. Finally, we correlated ICR1 ncRNA and FLO11 polymorphisms with flor yeast population structure, and associate the presence of wild type ICR1 and a long Flo11p with thin velum formation in a cluster of Jura strains. These results provide new insight into the diversity of flor yeast and show that combinations of different adaptive changes can lead to an increase of hydrophobicity and affect velum formation.

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