Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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COMPLEMENT C3aR ACTS AS AN ONCOSUPPRESSOR IN COLORECTAL CANCER BY MODULATING GUT MICROBIOTA

ABSTRACT: Several lines of evidence suggest that inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of CRC and can be unleashed by the loss of innate immunosurveillance. The complement system is a well characterized first line of defense against pathogens and a central component of the immune responses. As such, the complement system is an important determinant in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and emerging evidences suggest that complement dysregulation is involved in the development and progression of CRC. Here we show that in CRC patients CpG island methylation occurs in the gene encoding for the complement anaphylatoxin C3a receptor (c3aR) and strong C3aR down-regulation resulted in decreased overall survival and events-free survival in CRC patients. Ablation of c3ar in mouse models of CRC resulted in the establishment of a pro-inflammatory microbial flora, which fostered strong Th1/Th17 immune responses and a striking increase in tumor incidence and growth that were both dependent on the microbiota. Our findings highlight a previously unrecognized tumor oncosuppressive role for C3aR in CRC that could be exploited as a biomarker for more effective therapeutic intervention.

INSTRUMENT(S): Illumina MiSeq

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Mark Robinson

PROVIDER: E-MTAB-8500 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disease characterized by extracellular amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau (P-tau). Increasing evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in AD pathogenesis. We previously reported that the choroid plexus epithelial (CPE) cells, present at the interface between blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), show increased secretion of EVs into the CSF in response to peripheral inflammation. Here, we studied the importance of CP-derived EVs in AD pathogenesis. We observed increased EV levels in the CSF of 7 weeks old transgenic APP/PS1 mice, correlating with higher Aβ CSF levels at this age, while levels normalized with age. To study whether the elevated Aβ CSF levels might be responsible for this increase, mice were intracerebroventricularly (icv) injected with Aβ oligomers (AβO) which revealed a significant increase in the amount of CD9 and CD81 positive EVs in the CSF. The importance of the CPE cells as EV source was shown by in vitro analysis of AβO stimulated primary CPE cells and in vivo analysis of the CP by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Evaluation of EV marker immunostaining, both from AβO icv injected mice and APP/PS1 mice, confirmed the upregulation of EV biogenesis in the CP. Interestingly, AβO-induced, CP-derived EVs induced pro-inflammatory effects in mixed cortical cultures (MCC) whereas proteome analysis revealed the presence of complement protein C3, amongst other inflammatory proteins. Additionally, we could show for the first time that AβO induce an upregulation of C3 in CPE cells. These data highlight the CP and CP-derived, C3-containing EVs as novel players in the emerging importance of the complement pathway in the pathogenesis of AD. Strikingly, inhibition of EV production using GW4869 resulted in protection against the AβO-induced cognitive decline. In conclusion, our results show that intraventricular AβO induce both C3 activation and EV secretion by the CP and that these EVs contain pro-inflammatory molecules, including C3, which play a role in neuroinflammation and loss of cognition. This suggests that inhibition of EV production by the CP might be an interesting therapeutic approach to be explored in the prevention or treatment of AD.

Dataset Information

COMPLEMENT C3aR ACTS AS AN ONCOSUPPRESSOR IN COLORECTAL CANCER BY MODULATING GUT MICROBIOTA

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