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Tramiprosate, a drug of potential interest for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, promotes an abnormal aggregation of tau.

ABSTRACT: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of two histopathological hallmarks; the senile plaques, or extracellular deposits mainly composed of amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta), and the neurofibrillary tangles, or intraneuronal inclusions composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein.Since Abeta aggregates are found in the pathological cases, several strategies are under way to develop drugs that interact with Abeta to reduce its assembly. One of them is 3-amino-1-propane sulfonic acid (Tramiprosate, 3-APS, Alzhemedtrade mark), that was developed as a sulfated glycosaminoglycan mimetic, that could interact with Abeta peptide, preventing its aggregation.However, little is known about the action of 3-APS on tau protein aggregation. In this work, we have tested the action of 3-APS on cell viability, microtubule network, actin organization and tau aggregation. Our results indicate that 3-APS favours tau aggregation, in tau transfected non-neuronal cells, and in neuronal cells. We also found that 3-APS does not affect the binding of tau to microtubules but may prevent the formation of tau-actin aggregates. We like to emphasize the importance of testing on both types of pathology (amyloid and tau) the potential drugs to be used for AD treatment.

SUBMITTER: Santa-Maria I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2048960 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The aggregates of microtubule-associated protein Tau are considered as a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Tau aggregates accumulate intracellularly leading to neuronal toxicity. Numerous approaches have been targeted against Tau protein aggregation, which include application of synthetic and natural compounds. Toluidine blue is a basic dye of phenothiazine family, which on irradiation with a 630 nm light gets converted into a photoexcited form, leading to generation of singlet oxygen species. Methylene blue is the parent compound of toluidine blue, which has been reported to be potent against tauopathy. In the present work, we studied the potency of toluidine blue and photoexcited toluidine blue against Tau aggregation. Biochemical and biophysical analyses using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ThS fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and electron microscopy suggested that toluidine blue inhibited the aggregation of Tau in vitro. The photoexcited toluidine blue potentially dissolved the matured Tau fibrils, which indicated the disaggregation property of toluidine blue. The cell biology studies including the cytotoxicity assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production assay suggested toluidine blue to be a biocompatible dye as it reduced ROS levels and cell death. The photoexcited toluidine blue modulates the cytoskeleton network in cells, which was supported by immunofluorescence studies of neuronal cells. The studies in a UAS Tau E14 transgenic Drosophila model suggested that photoexcited toluidine blue was potent to restore the survival and memory deficits of Drosophila. The overall finding of our studies suggested toluidine blue to be a potent molecule in rescuing the Tau-mediated pathology by inhibiting its aggregation, reducing the cell death, and modulating the tubulin levels and behavioral characteristics of Drosophila. Thus, toluidine blue can be addressed as a potent molecule against Alzheimer's disease.

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Tramiprosate, a drug of potential interest for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, promotes an abnormal aggregation of tau.

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