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Cocrystal structures of primed side-extending alpha-ketoamide inhibitors reveal novel calpain-inhibitor aromatic interactions.


ABSTRACT: Calpains are intracellular cysteine proteases that catalyze the cleavage of target proteins in response to Ca(2+) signaling. When Ca(2+) homeostasis is disrupted, calpain overactivation causes unregulated proteolysis, which can contribute to diseases such as postischemic injury and cataract formation. Potent calpain inhibitors exist, but of these many cross-react with other cysteine proteases and will need modification to specifically target calpain. Here, we present crystal structures of rat calpain 1 protease core (muI-II) bound to two alpha-ketoamide-based calpain inhibitors containing adenyl and piperazyl primed-side extensions. An unexpected aromatic-stacking interaction is observed between the primed-side adenine moiety and the Trp298 side chain. This interaction increased the potency of the inhibitor toward muI-II and heterodimeric m-calpain. Moreover, stacking orients the adenine such that it can be used as a scaffold for designing novel primed-side address regions, which could be incorporated into future inhibitors to enhance their calpain specificity.

SUBMITTER: Qian J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2631982 | biostudies-literature | 2008 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cocrystal structures of primed side-extending alpha-ketoamide inhibitors reveal novel calpain-inhibitor aromatic interactions.

Qian Jin J   Cuerrier Dominic D   Davies Peter L PL   Li Zhaozhao Z   Powers James C JC   Campbell Robert L RL  

Journal of medicinal chemistry 20080815 17


Calpains are intracellular cysteine proteases that catalyze the cleavage of target proteins in response to Ca(2+) signaling. When Ca(2+) homeostasis is disrupted, calpain overactivation causes unregulated proteolysis, which can contribute to diseases such as postischemic injury and cataract formation. Potent calpain inhibitors exist, but of these many cross-react with other cysteine proteases and will need modification to specifically target calpain. Here, we present crystal structures of rat ca  ...[more]

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