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Evidence of human-to-swine transmission of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus in South Korea.

ABSTRACT: As the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus continues to infect human populations globally, reports on epidemiologically linked animal infections are also on the rise. Since December 2009, pandemic (H1N1) 2009-like viruses have been isolated in pigs from different swine farms of South Korea. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses of viral segments demonstrated several events of human-to-swine transmission with no apparent signs of reassortment. These events were also supported by serological surveillance in pig sera collected from April to December, suggesting that reverse transmission probably started between June and July with a drastic increase in prevalence the following months. Although molecular characterization indicates that the swine isolates are generally stable, some viruses are genetically evolving, most notably in their surface proteins. Animal studies (ferrets and mice) reveal that swine pandemic isolates epitomize biological properties attributed to the currently circulating human pandemic viruses, including replication kinetics and efficient transmission, indicating their potential to return to circulation among humans. Overall, these results indicate widespread human-to-animal transmission of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses in South Korea. With the significant role of pigs in the ecology of influenza viruses, these transmission events should be closely monitored and minimized to prevent the risk of generating viruses with greater human health concerns.

SUBMITTER: Song MS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2937722 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Evidence of human-to-swine transmission of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus in South Korea.

Song Min-Suk MS Lee Jun Han JH Pascua Philippe Noriel Q PN Baek Yun Hee YH Kwon Hyeok-il HI Park Kuk Jin KJ Choi Hwan-Woon HW Shin Yeun-Kyung YK Song Jae-Young JY Kim Chul-Joong CJ Choi Young-Ki YK

Journal of clinical microbiology 20100707 9

As the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus continues to infect human populations globally, reports on epidemiologically linked animal infections are also on the rise. Since December 2009, pandemic (H1N1) 2009-like viruses have been isolated in pigs from different swine farms of South Korea. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses of viral segments demonstrated several events of human-to-swine transmission with no apparent signs of reassortment. These events were also supported by serological surveill ...[more]

PMID: 20610681

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Project description:In June 2009, the World Health Organization declared the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century, due to the emergence and rapid spread of new swine origin H1N1 influenza A virus. In contrast to seasonal influenza infections, which typically cause morbidity and mortality in the elderly, this virus caused severe infection in young adults and not the elderly. This phenomenon was attributed to the presence of cross-neutralizing antibodies acquired by older individuals from previous exposure to swine origin influenza. However, this hypothesis could not be empirically tested using clinical data. To address this question, we investigated viral replication and the development of the immune response in naï12 years old) and aged (20 to 24 years old) female rhesus macaques infected with A/California/04/2009 (H1N1), one of the circulating pandemic strains in 2009. We compared viral loads as well as the kinetics and magnitude of the adaptive immune response in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage samples (BAL) collected longitudinally for 99 days post-infection. Although, adult animals exhibited earlier T cell responses in peripheral blood, aged animals generated a robust T cell response with comparable kinetics and magnitude as those observed in young animals in BAL. Moreover, aged animals generated a higher hemagglutination inhibition titer compared to young animals. We also measured the concentration of several cytokines in BAL supernatant. With the exception of IL-8, which was higher in aged animals, we found no differences in IFNa, IFNb, TNFa, IL-1r, IL-6, IL-15, IL-17, or MCP1 levels. Finally, we compared gene expression infection using microarray analysis of BAL samples taken on days 0, 4, 7, 10, and 14 pi. Our analyses revealed that the largest difference in host response between aged and young animals was detected day 4 post-infection, with significant enrichment for genes associated with inflammation, the innate immune response, and T cell activation in aged animals. The ability of aged animals to generate a robust immune response, especially antibody response, following infection with 2009 H1N1 virus could explain the lack of morbidity normally observed with seasonal influenza viruses in this vulnerable population.

Dataset Information

Evidence of human-to-swine transmission of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus in South Korea.

Publications

Evidence of human-to-swine transmission of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus in South Korea.

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