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Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome epidemiology after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

ABSTRACT: Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a pulmonary complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (aHCT). Recent National Institutes of Health consensus diagnostic criteria for BOS have not been assessed in a clinical setting. Modified National Institutes of Health diagnostic consensus criteria for BOS were applied to evaluate its prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes in the modern era of aHCT. Pulmonary function tests from 1145 patients were screened to identify patients with new-onset airflow obstruction. Clinical records were reviewed to exclude pulmonary infection and other causes. The overall prevalence of BOS among all transplanted patients was 5.5%, and 14% among patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). The median time from transplant to meeting spirometric criteria for BOS was 439 days (range: 274-1690). Although many previously identified risk factors were not significantly associated, lower baseline FEV(1)/FVC ratio (P = .006), non-Caucasian race (P = .014), lower circulating IgG level (P = .010), and presence of cGVHD (P < 0.001) were associated with an increase in risk, with the latter associated with a 10-fold increase in risk. Multivariate analysis indicated that BOS conferred a 1.6-fold increase in risk for mortality after diagnosis. These results suggest that the National Institutes of Health diagnostic criteria can reliably identify BOS, and that it is more prevalent than previously suggested. Spirometric monitoring of high-risk patients with cGVHD may permit earlier detection and intervention for this often-fatal disease.

SUBMITTER: Au BK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3061253 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome epidemiology after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Au Brandon K C BK Au Margaret A MA Chien Jason W JW

Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation 20101130 7

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a pulmonary complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (aHCT). Recent National Institutes of Health consensus diagnostic criteria for BOS have not been assessed in a clinical setting. Modified National Institutes of Health diagnostic consensus criteria for BOS were applied to evaluate its prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes in the modern era of aHCT. Pulmonary function tests from 1145 patients were screened to identify patients wit ...[more]

PMID: 21126596

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Project description:Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a highly morbid form of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Several plasma proteins have been identified as biomarkers for BOS after lung transplantation. The relevance of these biomarkers in BOS patients after allogeneic HCT has not been examined. We hypothesized that biomarkers associated with BOS after lung transplantation are also associated with BOS after allogeneic HCT. We tested plasma samples from 33 adult HCT patients who participated in a phase II multicenter study of fluticasone, azithromycin, and montelukast (FAM) treatment for new-onset BOS (NCT01307462), and matched control samples of HCT patients who had non-BOS chronic GVHD (n = 31) and those who never experienced chronic GVHD (n = 29) (NCT00637689 and NCT01902576). Candidate biomarkers included matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), MMP-3, and chitinase-3-like-1 glycoprotein (YKL-40). MMP-9 concentrations were higher in the patients with BOS compared with those with non-BOS chronic GVHD (P = .04) or no chronic GVHD (P < .001). MMP-3 concentrations were higher in patients with BOS (P < .001) or non-BOS chronic GVHD (P < .001) compared with those with no chronic GVHD. YKL-40 concentrations did not differ statistically among the 3 groups. MMP-9 concentrations before starting FAM therapy were higher in patients who experienced treatment failure within 6 months compared with those with treatment success (P = .006), whereas MMP-3 or YKL-40 concentrations did not differ statistically between these 2 groups. Patients with an MMP-9 concentration ≥200,000 pg/mL before starting FAM therapy had worse overall survival compared with those with lower MMP-9 concentrations. Our data suggest that plasma MMP-9 concentration could serve as a relevant biomarker at diagnosis of BOS after allogeneic HCT for prognostication of survival and for prediction of treatment response. Further validation is needed to confirm our findings.

Project description:BackgroundAllo-HSCT is a definite approach for the management of a wide variety of lethal and debilitating malignant and non-malignant disorders. However, its two main complications, acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), exert significant morbidities and mortalities. BoS, as a manifestation of chronic lung GVHD, is a gruesome complication of allo-HSCT, and for those with steroid-refractory disease, no approved second-line therapies exist. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert anti-inflammatory and growth-promoting effects, and their administration against a wide range of inflammatory and neurologic disorders, as well as GVHD, has been associated with promising outcomes. However, literature on the safety and effectiveness of MSC therapy for BoS and pediatric cGVHD is scarce.MethodsWe designed a single-arm trial to administer adipose tissue (AT)-derived MSCs to pediatric patients with refractory BoS after allo-HSCT. AT-MSCs from obese, otherwise healthy donors were cultured in an ISO class 1 clean room and injected into the antecubital vein of eligible patients with a dose of 1 × 106/kg. The primary endpoints included a complete or partial response to therapy [in terms of increased forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) values and steroid dose reduction] and its safety profile.ResultsFour eligible patients with a median age of 6.5 years were enrolled in the study. Steroid-induced osteoporosis and myopathy were present in three cases. A partial response was evident in three cases after a single injection of AT-MSCs. The treatment was safe and tolerable, and no treatment-related adverse events were noted. Two patients developed manageable COVID-19 infections one and 4 months after AT-MSC injection. After a median follow-up duration of 19 months, all cases are still alive and have had no indications for lung transplantation.ConclusionsAT-MSCs could be safely administered to our pediatric cases with BoS post-allo-HSCT. Considering their advanced stage of disease, their sub-optimal functional capacity due to steroid-induced complications, and COVID-19 infection post-treatment, we believe that AT-MSC therapy can have possible efficacy in the management of pediatric BoS. The conduction of further studies with larger sample sizes and more frequent injections is prudent for further optimization of AT-MSC therapy against BoS. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), IRCT20201202049568N2. Registered 22 February 2021, https://en.irct.ir/trial/53143 .

Dataset Information

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome epidemiology after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Publications

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome epidemiology after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

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