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Improved mass defect model for theoretical tryptic peptides.

ABSTRACT: Improvements in the mass accuracy and resolution of mass spectrometers have greatly aided mass spectrometry-based proteomics in profiling complex biological mixtures. With the use of innovative bioinformatics approaches, high mass accuracy and resolution information can be used for filtering chemical noise in mass spectral data. Using our recent algorithmic developments, we have generated the mass distributions of all theoretical tryptic peptides composed of 20 natural amino acids and with masses limited to 3.5 kDa. Peptide masses are distributed discretely, with well-defined peak clusters separated by empty or sparsely populated trough regions. Accurate models for peak centers and widths can be used to filter peptide signals from chemical noise. We modeled mass defects, the difference between monoisotopic and nominal masses, and peak centers and widths in the peptide mass distributions. We found that peak widths encompassing 95% of all peptide sequences are substantially smaller than previously thought. The result has implications for filtering out larger stretches of the mass axis. Mass defects of peptides exhibit an oscillatory behavior which is damped at high mass values. The periodicity of the oscillations is about 14 Da which is the most common difference between the masses of the 20 natural amino acids. To determine the effects of amino acid modifications on our findings, we examined the mass distributions of peptides composed of the 20 natural amino acids, oxidized Met, and phosphorylated Ser, Thr, and Tyr. We found that extension of the amino acid set by modifications increases the 95% peak width. Mass defects decrease, reflecting the fact that the average mass defect of natural amino acids is larger than that of oxidized Met. We propose that a new model for mass defects and peak widths of peptides may improve peptide identifications by filtering chemical noise in mass spectral data.

SUBMITTER: Mitra I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3312599 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Improved mass defect model for theoretical tryptic peptides.

Mitra Indranil I Nefedov Alexey V AV Brasier Allan R AR Sadygov Rovshan G RG

Analytical chemistry 20120307 6

Improvements in the mass accuracy and resolution of mass spectrometers have greatly aided mass spectrometry-based proteomics in profiling complex biological mixtures. With the use of innovative bioinformatics approaches, high mass accuracy and resolution information can be used for filtering chemical noise in mass spectral data. Using our recent algorithmic developments, we have generated the mass distributions of all theoretical tryptic peptides composed of 20 natural amino acids and with masse ...[more]

PMID: 22401145

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Project description:On-tissue digestion has become the preferred method to identify proteins in mass spectrometry (MS) imaging. In this study, we report advances in data acquisition and protein identification for MS imaging after on-tissue digestion. Tryptic peptides in a coronal mouse brain section were measured at 50 ?m pixel size and revealed detailed histological structures, e.g., the ependyma (consisting of one to two cell layers), which was confirmed by H&E staining. This demonstrates that MS imaging of tryptic peptides at or close to cellular resolution is within reach. We also describe a detailed identification workflow which resulted in the identification of 99 proteins (with 435 corresponding peptides), based on comparison with LC-MS/MS data and in silico digest. These results were obtained with stringent parameters, including high mass accuracy in imaging mode (RSME <?3 ppm) and at least two unique peptides per protein showing consistent spatial distribution. We identified almost 50% of proteins with at least four corresponding peptides. As there is no agreed approach for identification of proteins after on-tissue digestion yet, we discuss our workflow in detail and make the corresponding mass spectral data available as "open data" via ProteomeXchange (identifier PXD003172). With this, we would like to contribute to a more effective discussion and the development of new approaches for tryptic peptide identification in MS imaging. From an experimental point of view, we demonstrate the improvement due to the combination of high spatial resolution and high mass resolution/mass accuracy on a measurement at 25 ?m pixel size in mouse cerebellum tissue. A whole body section of a mouse pub imaged at 50 ?m pixel size (40 GB, 230,000 spectra) demonstrates the stability of our protocol. For this data set, we developed a workflow that is based on conversion to the common data format imzML and sequential application of freely available software tools. In combination, the presented results for spatial resolution, protein identification, and data processing constitute significant improvements for the field of on-tissue digestion. Graphical abstract MS imaging of coronal mouse brain cerebellum with a pixel size of 25 ?m: A Optical image, B myelin staining, C H&E staining, and D MS image overlay (RGB) of tryptic peptides m/z?=?726.4045?±?0.005, HGFLPR + H+ (red), m/z?=?536.3173?±?0.005, AKPAK + Na+ (green), and m/z?=?994.5436?±?0.005, WRQLIEK + Na+ (blue).

Project description:This work presents methods for identifying and then creating a mass spectral library for disulfide-linked peptides originating from the NISTmAb, a reference material of the humanized IgG1k monoclonal antibody (RM 8671). Analyses involved both partially reduced and non-reduced samples under neutral and weakly basic conditions followed by nanoflow liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Spectra of peptides containing disulfide bonds are identified by both MS1 ion and MS2 fragment ion data in order to completely map all the disulfide linkages in the NISTmAb. This led to the detection of 383 distinct disulfide-linked peptide ions, arising from fully tryptic cleavage, missed cleavage, irregular cleavage, complex Met/Trp oxidation mixtures, and metal adducts. Fragmentation features of disulfide bonds under low-energy collision dissociation were examined. These include (1) peptide bond cleavage leaving disulfide bonds intact; (2) disulfide bond cleavage, often leading to extensive fragmentation; and (3) double cleavage products resulting from breakages of two peptide bonds or both peptide and disulfide bonds. Automated annotation of various complex MS/MS fragments enabled the identification of disulfide-linked peptides with high confidence. Peptides containing each of the nine native disulfide bonds were identified along with 86 additional disulfide linkages arising from disulfide bond shuffling. The presence of shuffled disulfides was nearly completely abrogated by refining digest conditions. A curated spectral library of 702 disulfide-linked peptide spectra was created from this analysis and is publicly available for free download. Since all IgG1 antibodies have the same constant regions, the resulting library can be used as a tool for facile identification of "hard-to-find" disulfide-bonded peptides. Moreover, we show that one may identify such peptides originating from IgG1 proteins in human serum, thereby serving as a means of monitoring the completeness of protein reduction in proteomics studies. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD023358.

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Improved mass defect model for theoretical tryptic peptides.

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Improved mass defect model for theoretical tryptic peptides.

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