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Solid-supported membrane technology for the investigation of the influenza A virus M2 channel activity.

ABSTRACT: Influenza A virus encodes an integral membrane protein, A/M2, that forms a pH-gated proton channel that is essential for viral replication. The A/M2 channel is a target for the anti-influenza drug amantadine, although the effectiveness of this drug has been diminished by the appearance of naturally occurring point mutations in the channel pore. Thus, there is a great need to discover novel anti-influenza therapeutics, and, since the A/M2 channel is a proven target, approaches are needed to screen for new classes of inhibitors for the A/M2 channel. Prior in-depth studies of the activity and drug sensitivity of A/M2 channels have employed labor-intensive electrophysiology techniques. In this study, we tested the validity of electrophysiological measurements with solid-supported membranes (SSM) as a less labor-intensive alternative technique for the investigation of A/M2 ion channel properties and for drug screening. By comparing the SSM-based measurements of the activity and drug sensitivity of A/M2 wild-type and mutant channels with measurements made with conventional electrophysiology methods, we show that SSM-based electrophysiology is an efficient and reliable tool for functional studies of the A/M2 channel protein and for screening compounds for inhibitory activity against the channel.

SUBMITTER: Balannik V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3428792 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Solid-supported membrane technology for the investigation of the influenza A virus M2 channel activity.

Balannik Victoria V Obrdlik Petr P Inayat Samsoon S Steensen Catrin C Wang Jun J Rausch Joshua M JM DeGrado William F WF Kelety Bela B Pinto Lawrence H LH

Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 20091128 4

Influenza A virus encodes an integral membrane protein, A/M2, that forms a pH-gated proton channel that is essential for viral replication. The A/M2 channel is a target for the anti-influenza drug amantadine, although the effectiveness of this drug has been diminished by the appearance of naturally occurring point mutations in the channel pore. Thus, there is a great need to discover novel anti-influenza therapeutics, and, since the A/M2 channel is a proven target, approaches are needed to scree ...[more]

PMID: 19946785

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Project description:BACKGROUND:A new type of influenza virus, known as type D, has recently been identified in cattle and pigs. Influenza D virus infection in cattle is typically asymptomatic; however, its infection in swine can result in clinical disease. Swine can also be infected with all other types of influenza viruses, namely A, B, and C. Consequently, swine can serve as a "mixing vessel" for highly pathogenic influenza viruses, including those with zoonotic potential. Currently, the only antiviral drug available targets influenza M2 protein ion channel is not completely effective. Thus, it is necessary to develop an M2 ion channel blocker capable of suppressing the induction of resistance to the genetic shift. To provide a basis for developing novel ion channel-blocking compounds, we investigated the properties of influenza D virus M2 protein (DM2) as a drug target. RESULTS:To test the ion channel activity of DM2, the DNA corresponding to DM2 with cMyc-tag conjugated to its carboxyl end was cloned into the shuttle vector pNCB1. The mRNA of the DM2-cMyc gene was synthesized and injected into Xenopus oocytes. The translation products of DM2-cMyc mRNA were confirmed by immunofluorescence and mass spectrometry analyses. The DM2-cMyc mRNA-injected oocytes were subjected to the two-electrode voltage-clamp (TEVC) method, and the induced inward current was observed. The midpoint (Vmid) values in Boltzmann modeling for oocytes injected with DM2-cMyc RNA or a buffer were -152 and -200 mV, respectively. Assuming the same expression level in the Xenopus oocytes, DM2 without tag and influenza C virus M2 protein (CM2) were subjected to the TEVC method. DM2 exhibited ion channel activity under the condition that CM2 ion channel activity was reproduced. The gating voltages represented by Vmid for CM2 and DM2 were -141 and -146 mV, respectively. The reversal potentials observed in ND96 for CM2 and DM2 were -21 and -22 mV, respectively. Compared with intact DM2, DM2 variants with mutation in the YxxxK motif, namely Y72A and K76A DM2, showed lower Vmid values while showing no change in reversal potential. CONCLUSION:The M2 protein from newly isolated influenza D virus showed ion channel activity similar to that of CM2. The gating voltage was shown to be affected by the YxxxK motif and by the hydrophobicity and bulkiness of the carboxyl end of the molecule.

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Solid-supported membrane technology for the investigation of the influenza A virus M2 channel activity.

Publications

Solid-supported membrane technology for the investigation of the influenza A virus M2 channel activity.

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