PARP16 is a tail-anchored endoplasmic reticulum protein required for the PERK- and IRE1?-mediated unfolded protein response.

ABSTRACT: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs; also known as ADP-ribosyl transferase D proteins) modify acceptor proteins with ADP-ribose modifications of varying length (reviewed in refs  , , ). PARPs regulate key stress response pathways, including DNA damage repair and the cytoplasmic stress response. Here, we show that PARPs also regulate the unfolded protein response (UPR) of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Human PARP16 (also known as ARTD15) is a tail-anchored ER transmembrane protein required for activation of the functionally related ER stress sensors PERK and IRE1? during the UPR. The third identified ER stress sensor, ATF6, is not regulated by PARP16. As is the case for other PARPs that function during stress, the enzymatic activity of PARP16 is upregulated during ER stress when it ADP-ribosylates itself, PERK and IRE1?. ADP-ribosylation by PARP16 is sufficient for activating PERK and IRE1? in the absence of ER stress, and is required for PERK and IRE1? activation during the UPR. Modification of PERK and IRE1? by PARP16 increases their kinase activities and the endonuclease activity of IRE1?. Interestingly, the carboxy-terminal luminal tail of PARP16 is required for PARP16 function during ER stress, suggesting that it transduces stress signals to the cytoplasmic PARP catalytic domain.

SUBMITTER: Jwa M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3494284 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature