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Highly sensitive detection of urinary cadmium to assess personal exposure.


ABSTRACT: A series of Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) ultramicroelectrode arrays were fabricated and investigated for their performance as electrochemical sensors to detect trace level metals such as cadmium. The steady-state diffusion behavior of these sensors was validated using cyclic voltammetry followed by electrochemical detection of cadmium in water and in human urine to demonstrate high sensitivity (>200 ?A ppb(-1) cm(-2)) and low background current (<4 nA). When an array of ultramicroelectrodes was positioned with optimal spacing, these BDD sensors showed a sigmoidal diffusion behavior. They also demonstrated high accuracy with linear dose dependence for quantification of cadmium in a certified reference river water sample from the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as well as in a human urine sample spiked with 0.25-1 ppb cadmium.

SUBMITTER: Argun AA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3622219 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Highly sensitive detection of urinary cadmium to assess personal exposure.

Argun Avni A AA   Banks Ashley M AM   Merlen Gwendolynne G   Tempelman Linda A LA   Becker Michael F MF   Schuelke Thomas T   Dweik Badawi M BM  

Analytica chimica acta 20130301


A series of Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) ultramicroelectrode arrays were fabricated and investigated for their performance as electrochemical sensors to detect trace level metals such as cadmium. The steady-state diffusion behavior of these sensors was validated using cyclic voltammetry followed by electrochemical detection of cadmium in water and in human urine to demonstrate high sensitivity (>200 μA ppb(-1) cm(-2)) and low background current (<4 nA). When an array of ultramicroelectrodes was pos  ...[more]

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