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Treatment with omega-3 fatty acid ethyl-ester alters fatty acid composition of lipoproteins in overweight or obese adults with insulin resistance.

ABSTRACT: The effects of dietary fatty acid supplementation on lipoprotein fatty acid composition have rarely been described.Sixty-one overweight and obese adults with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance were randomized to placebo, 2g/day extended-release nicotinic acid (ERN), 4g/day prescription omega-3 fatty acid ethyl ester (P-OM3), or combination therapy for 16 weeks. Lipoprotein fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography pre- and post-treatment.Treatment with P-OM3 or combination, but not ERN, increased proportions of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid, and reduced those for arachidonic acid in all lipoprotein fractions, with greatest impact in the high-density lipoprotein fraction. P-OM3-induced changes in eicosapentaenoic acid within low-density lipoproteins and very low-density lipoproteins were associated with beneficial effects on mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure.P-OM3 supplementation, with or without ERN, was associated with differentially altered lipoprotein fatty acid composition and improved blood pressure parameters.

SUBMITTER: Augustine AH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3959884 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Feb-Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Treatment with omega-3 fatty acid ethyl-ester alters fatty acid composition of lipoproteins in overweight or obese adults with insulin resistance.

Augustine Alicia H AH Lowenstein Lisa M LM Harris William S WS Shearer Gregory C GC Block Robert C RC

Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids 20131218 2-3

<h4>Introduction</h4>The effects of dietary fatty acid supplementation on lipoprotein fatty acid composition have rarely been described.<h4>Patients and methods</h4>Sixty-one overweight and obese adults with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance were randomized to placebo, 2g/day extended-release nicotinic acid (ERN), 4g/day prescription omega-3 fatty acid ethyl ester (P-OM3), or combination therapy for 16 weeks. Lipoprotein fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography pre- and post-t ...[more]

PMID: 24378016

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Project description:Background & aimsThe role of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) during human alcoholic pancreatitis is unknown. We compared FAEEs levels with their nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) precursors during alcohol intoxication and clinical alcoholic pancreatitis. The pathophysiology underlying FAEEs increase and their role as diagnostic biomarkers for alcoholic pancreatitis was investigated.MethodsA prospective blinded study compared FAEEs, NEFAs, and ethanol blood levels on hospitalization for alcoholic pancreatitis (n = 31), alcohol intoxication (n = 25), and in normal controls (n = 43). Serum FAEEs were measured at admission for nonalcoholic pancreatitis (n = 75). Mechanistic cell and animal studies were done.ResultsMedian FAEEs were similarly elevated during alcohol intoxication (205 nmol/L; 95% confidence interval [CI], 71.8-515 nmol/L, P < .001) and alcoholic pancreatitis (103.1 nmol/L; 95% CI, 53-689 nmol/L, P < .001) vs controls (1.7 nmol/L; 95% CI, 0.02-4.3 nmol/L) or nonalcoholic pancreatitis (8 nmol/L; 95% CI, 1.1-11.5 nmol/L). Alcoholic pancreatitis increased serum NEFAs (1024 ± 710 μmol/L vs 307 ± 185 μmol/L in controls, P < .05). FAEEs comprised 0.1% to 2% of the parent NEFA concentrations. FAEES correlated strongly with NEFAs independent of ethanol levels in alcoholic pancreatitis but not during alcohol intoxication. On receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for diagnosing alcoholic pancreatitis, the area under the curve for serum FAEEs was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.78-0.95, P < .001). In mice and cells, alcohol administration transiently increased all FAEEs. Oleic acid ethyl ester was the only FAEE with a sustained increase up to 24 hours after intraperitoneal oleic acid plus ethanol administration.ConclusionsThe sustained, alcohol-independent, large (20- to 50-fold) increase in circulating FAEEs during alcoholic pancreatitis results from their visceral release and mirrors the 2- to 4-fold increase in parent NEFA. The large areas under the curve of FAEEs on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis supports their role as alcoholic pancreatitis biomarkers.

Dataset Information

Treatment with omega-3 fatty acid ethyl-ester alters fatty acid composition of lipoproteins in overweight or obese adults with insulin resistance.

Publications

Treatment with omega-3 fatty acid ethyl-ester alters fatty acid composition of lipoproteins in overweight or obese adults with insulin resistance.

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