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MicroRNAs in mycobacterial disease: friend or foe?

ABSTRACT: As the role of microRNA in all aspects of biology continues to be unraveled, the interplay between microRNAs and human disease is becoming clearer. It should come of no surprise that microRNAs play a major part in the outcome of infectious diseases, since early work has implicated microRNAs as regulators of the immune response. Here, we provide a review on how microRNAs influence the course of mycobacterial infections, which cause two of humanity's most ancient infectious diseases: tuberculosis and leprosy. Evidence derived from profiling and functional experiments suggests that regulation of specific microRNAs during infection can either enhance the immune response or facilitate pathogen immune evasion. Now, it remains to be seen if the manipulation of host cell microRNA profiles can be an opportunity for therapeutic intervention for these difficult-to-treat diseases.

SUBMITTER: Mehta MD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4097432 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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microRNAs in mycobacterial disease: friend or foe?

Mehta Manali D MD Liu Philip T PT

Frontiers in genetics 20140715

As the role of microRNA in all aspects of biology continues to be unraveled, the interplay between microRNAs and human disease is becoming clearer. It should come of no surprise that microRNAs play a major part in the outcome of infectious diseases, since early work has implicated microRNAs as regulators of the immune response. Here, we provide a review on how microRNAs influence the course of mycobacterial infections, which cause two of humanity's most ancient infectious diseases: tuberculosis ...[more]

PMID: 25076967

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Project description:ObjectiveManagement of coagulopathy in chronic liver disease (CLD) poses a challenge for critical care physicians. Prothrombinex®-VF is a low-volume product with rapid onset of action. Evidence for its efficacy and safety in CLD is limited and cases of acute intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis (AICF) and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) have been reported. Our objective was to evaluate the role of Prothrombinex®-VF in reversal of coagulopathy and the incidence AICF/DIC, thromboembolic events and mortality.MethodsThis was a retrospective, multi-centre study of Prothrombinex®-VF use in CLD across 11 hospitals over a 2-year period, excluding those on therapeutic anticoagulation. Patients were subclassified into acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF), acute decompensation (ADC) and compensated cirrhosis. Reversal of coagulopathy was defined as international normalised ratio (INR) <1.5× upper limit normal (ULN), prothrombin time <1.5× ULN, activated partial thromboplastin time <1.5× ULN and fibrinogen >1 g/L. Markers of AICF/DIC were recorded.ResultsThirty CLD patients were included, and the median model for end-stage liver disease score was 23.5. Acute bleeding was the most common indication for Prothrombinex®-VF (60%). All had baseline coagulopathy and the majority did not achieve reversal. Key indicators of AICF/DIC were mainly observed in those with ACLF; bleeding from mucosa or lines (53%), worsening hypofibrinogenaemia (60%), worsening thrombocytopaenia (60%). The ADC and compensated cirrhosis groups were relatively unaffected. Incidence of venous thromboembolism was 6%. Overall mortality was 43% and 70% in ACLF.ConclusionProthrombinex®-VF did not lead to meaningful reversal of coagulopathy and should be used with caution in CLD. Patients with ACLF were more likely to develop AICF/DIC following Prothrombinex®-VF, although the association is uncertain. Further studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Prothrombinex®-VF use in CLD.

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MicroRNAs in mycobacterial disease: friend or foe?

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microRNAs in mycobacterial disease: friend or foe?

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