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Focused ultrasound-mediated non-invasive brain stimulation: examination of sonication parameters.

ABSTRACT: Transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) has emerged as a new brain stimulation modality. The range of sonication parameters for successful brain stimulation warrants further investigation.The objective of this study was to examine the range of FUS sonication parameters that minimize the acoustic intensity/energy deposition while successfully stimulating the motor brain area in Sprague-Dawley rats.We transcranially administered FUS to the somatomotor area of the rat brain and measured the acoustic intensity that caused excitatory effects with respect to different pulsing parameters (tone-burst duration, pulse-repetition frequency, duty cycle, and sonication duration) at 350 and 650 kHz of fundamental frequency.We observed that motor responses were elicited at minimum threshold acoustic intensities (4.9-5.6 W/cm(2) in spatial-peak pulse-average intensity; 2.5-2.8 W/cm(2) in spatial-peak temporal-average intensity) in a limited range of sonication parameters, i.e. 1-5 ms of tone-burst duration, 50% of duty cycle, and 300 ms of sonication duration, at 350 kHz fundamental frequency. We also found that the pulsed sonication elicited motor responses at lower acoustic intensities than its equivalent continuous sonication.Our results suggest that the pulsed application of FUS selectively stimulates specific brain areas-of-interest at an acoustic intensity that is compatible with regulatory safety limits on biological tissue, thus allowing for potential applications in neurotherapeutics.

SUBMITTER: Kim H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4167941 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Sep-Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Focused ultrasound-mediated non-invasive brain stimulation: examination of sonication parameters.

Kim Hyungmin H Chiu Alan A Lee Stephanie D SD Fischer Krisztina K Yoo Seung-Schik SS

Brain stimulation 20140702 5

<h4>Background</h4>Transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) has emerged as a new brain stimulation modality. The range of sonication parameters for successful brain stimulation warrants further investigation.<h4>Objective</h4>The objective of this study was to examine the range of FUS sonication parameters that minimize the acoustic intensity/energy deposition while successfully stimulating the motor brain area in Sprague-Dawley rats.<h4>Methods</h4>We transcranially administered FUS to the somatom ...[more]

PMID: 25088462

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Project description:Introduction/objectivesRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation are two powerful non-invasive neuromodulatory therapies that have the potential to alter and evaluate the integrity of the corticospinal tract. Moreover, recent evidence has shown that brain stimulation might be beneficial in stroke recovery. Therefore, investigating and investing in innovative therapies that may improve neurorehabilitative stroke recovery are next steps in research and development. Participants/Materials and Methods: This article presents an up-to-date systematic review of the treatment effects of rTMS and tDCS on motor function. A literary search was conducted, utilizing search terms "stroke" and "transcranial stimulation." Items were excluded if they failed to: (1) include stroke patients, (2) study motor outcomes, or (3) include rTMS/tDCS as treatments. Other exclusions included: (1) reviews, editorials, and letters, (2) animal or pediatric populations, (3) case reports or sample sizes ?2 patients, and (4) primary outcomes of dysphagia, dysarthria, neglect, or swallowing.ResultsInvestigation of PubMed English Database prior to 01/01/2012 produced 695 applicable results. Studies were excluded based on the aforementioned criteria, resulting in 50 remaining studies. They included 1314 participants (1282 stroke patients and 32 healthy subjects) evaluated by motor function pre- and post-tDCS or rTMS. Heterogeneity among studies' motor assessments was high and could not be accounted for by individual comparison. Pooled effect sizes for the impact of post-treatment improvement revealed consistently demonstrable improvements after tDCS and rTMS therapeutic stimulation. Most studies provided limited follow-up for long-term effects.ConclusionIt is apparent from the available studies that non-invasive stimulation may enhance motor recovery and may lead to clinically meaningful functional improvements in the stroke population. Only mild to no adverse events have been reported. Though results have been positive results, the large heterogeneity across articles precludes firm conclusions.

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Focused ultrasound-mediated non-invasive brain stimulation: examination of sonication parameters.

Publications

Focused ultrasound-mediated non-invasive brain stimulation: examination of sonication parameters.

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