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Persistence of asthma requires multiple feedback circuits involving type 2 innate lymphoid cells and IL-33.


ABSTRACT: Background: Asthma in a mouse model spontaneously resolves after cessation of allergen exposure. We developed a mouse model in which asthma features persisted for 6 months after cessation of allergen exposure.

Objective: We sought to elucidate factors contributing to the persistence of asthma.

Methods: We used a combination of immunologic, genetic, microarray, and pharmacologic approaches to dissect the mechanism of asthma persistence.

Results: Elimination of T cells though antibody-mediated depletion or lethal irradiation and transplantation of recombination-activating gene (Rag1)(-/-) bone marrow in mice with chronic asthma resulted in resolution of airway inflammation but not airway hyperreactivity or remodeling. Elimination of T cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) through lethal irradiation and transplantation of Rag2(-/-)?c(-/-) bone marrow or blockade of IL-33 resulted in resolution of airway inflammation and hyperreactivity. Persistence of asthma required multiple interconnected feedback and feed-forward circuits between ILC2s and epithelial cells. Epithelial IL-33 induced ILC2s, a rich source of IL-13. The latter directly induced epithelial IL-33, establishing a positive feedback circuit. IL-33 autoinduced, generating another feedback circuit. IL-13 upregulated IL-33 receptors and facilitated IL-33 autoinduction, thus establishing a feed-forward circuit. Elimination of any component of these circuits resulted in resolution of chronic asthma. In agreement with the foregoing, IL-33 and ILC2 levels were increased in the airways of asthmatic patients. IL-33 levels correlated with disease severity.

Conclusions: We present a critical network of feedback and feed-forward interactions between epithelial cells and ILC2s involved in maintaining chronic asthma. Although T cells contributed to the severity of chronic asthma, they were redundant in maintaining airway hyperreactivity and remodeling.

SUBMITTER: Christianson CA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4494983 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Persistence of asthma requires multiple feedback circuits involving type 2 innate lymphoid cells and IL-33.

Christianson Christina A CA   Goplen Nicholas P NP   Zafar Iram I   Irvin Chaoyu C   Good James T JT   Rollins Donald R DR   Gorentla Balachandra B   Liu Weimin W   Gorska Magdalena M MM   Chu HongWei H   Martin Richard J RJ   Alam Rafeul R  

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 20150121 1


<h4>Background</h4>Asthma in a mouse model spontaneously resolves after cessation of allergen exposure. We developed a mouse model in which asthma features persisted for 6 months after cessation of allergen exposure.<h4>Objective</h4>We sought to elucidate factors contributing to the persistence of asthma.<h4>Methods</h4>We used a combination of immunologic, genetic, microarray, and pharmacologic approaches to dissect the mechanism of asthma persistence.<h4>Results</h4>Elimination of T cells tho  ...[more]

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