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Structural basis of redox-dependent substrate binding of protein disulfide isomerase.

ABSTRACT: Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a multidomain enzyme, operating as an essential folding catalyst, in which the b' and a' domains provide substrate binding sites and undergo an open-closed domain rearrangement depending on the redox states of the a' domain. Despite the long research history of this enzyme, three-dimensional structural data remain unavailable for its ligand-binding mode. Here we characterize PDI substrate recognition using ?-synuclein (?SN) as the model ligand. Our nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data revealed that the substrate-binding domains of PDI captured the ?SN segment Val37-Val40 only in the oxidized form. Furthermore, we determined the crystal structure of an oxidized form of the b'-a' domains in complex with an undecapeptide corresponding to this segment. The peptide-binding mode observed in the crystal structure with NMR validation, was characterized by hydrophobic interactions on the b' domain in an open conformation. Comparison with the previously reported crystal structure indicates that the a' domain partially masks the binding surface of the b' domain, causing steric hindrance against the peptide in the reduced form of the b'-a' domains that exhibits a closed conformation. These findings provide a structural basis for the mechanism underlying the redox-dependent substrate binding of PDI.

SUBMITTER: Yagi-Utsumi M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4563560 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Structural basis of redox-dependent substrate binding of protein disulfide isomerase.

Yagi-Utsumi Maho M Satoh Tadashi T Kato Koichi K

Scientific reports 20150909

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a multidomain enzyme, operating as an essential folding catalyst, in which the b' and a' domains provide substrate binding sites and undergo an open-closed domain rearrangement depending on the redox states of the a' domain. Despite the long research history of this enzyme, three-dimensional structural data remain unavailable for its ligand-binding mode. Here we characterize PDI substrate recognition using α-synuclein (αSN) as the model ligand. Our nuclear ma ...[more]

PMID: 26350503

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Project description:Oxidoreductase protein disulphide isomerases (PDI) are involved in the regulation of a variety of biological processes including the modulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, unfolded protein response (UPR), ER‑mitochondria communication and the balance between pro‑survival and pro‑death pathways. In the current study the role of the PDIA1 family member in breast carcinogenesis was investigated by measuring ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane disruption, ATP production and HLA‑G protein levels on the surface of the cellular membrane in the presence or absence of PDIA1. The results showed that this enzyme exerted pro‑apoptotic effects in estrogen receptor (ERα)‑positive breast cancer MCF‑7 and pro‑survival in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA‑MB‑231 cells. ATP generation was upregulated in PDIA1‑silenced MCF‑7 cells and downregulated in PDIA1‑silenced MDA‑MB‑231 cells in a manner dependent on the cellular redox status. Furthermore, MCF‑7 and MDA‑MB‑231 cells in the presence of PDIA1 expressed higher surface levels of the non‑classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA‑G) under oxidative stress conditions. Evaluation of the METABRIC datasets showed that low PDIA1 and high HLA‑G mRNA expression levels correlated with longer survival in both ERα‑positive and ERα‑negative stage 2 breast cancer patients. In addition, analysis of the PDIA1 vs. the HLA‑G mRNA ratio in the subgroup of the living stage 2 breast cancer patients exhibiting low PDIA1 and high HLA‑G mRNA levels revealed that the longer the survival time of the ratio was high PDIA1 and low HLA‑G mRNA and occurred predominantly in ERα‑positive breast cancer patients whereas in the same subgroup of the ERα‑negative breast cancer mainly this ratio was low PDIA1 and high HLA‑G mRNA. Taken together these results provide evidence supporting the view that PDIA1 is linked to several hallmarks of breast cancer pathways including the process of antigen processing and presentation and tumor immunorecognition.

Dataset Information

Structural basis of redox-dependent substrate binding of protein disulfide isomerase.

Publications

Structural basis of redox-dependent substrate binding of protein disulfide isomerase.

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