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Dietary intake is independently associated with the maximal capacity for fat oxidation during exercise.

ABSTRACT: Background: Substantial interindividual variability exists in the maximal rate of fat oxidation (MFO) during exercise with potential implications for metabolic health. Although the diet can affect the metabolic response to exercise, the contribution of a self-selected diet to the interindividual variability in the MFO requires further clarification.Objective: We sought to identify whether recent, self-selected dietary intake independently predicts the MFO in healthy men and women.Design: The MFO and maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2 max) were determined with the use of indirect calorimetry in 305 healthy volunteers [150 men and 155 women; mean ± SD age: 25 ± 6 y; body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2): 23 ± 2]. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess body composition with the self-reported physical activity level (SRPAL) and dietary intake determined in the 4 d before exercise testing. To minimize potential confounding with typically observed sex-related differences (e.g., body composition), predictor variables were mean-centered by sex. In the analyses, hierarchical multiple linear regressions were used to quantify each variable's influence on the MFO.Results: The mean absolute MFO was 0.55 ± 0.19 g/min (range: 0.19-1.13 g/min). A total of 44.4% of the interindividual variability in the MFO was explained by the [Formula: see text]O2 max, sex, and SRPAL with dietary carbohydrate (carbohydrate; negative association with the MFO) and fat intake (positive association) associated with an additional 3.2% of the variance. When expressed relative to fat-free mass (FFM), the MFO was 10.8 ± 3.2 mg · kg FFM-1 · min-1 (range: 3.5-20.7 mg · kg FFM-1 · min-1) with 16.6% of the variability explained by the [Formula: see text]O2 max, sex, and SRPAL; dietary carbohydrate and fat intakes together explained an additional 2.6% of the variability. Biological sex was an independent determinant of the MFO with women showing a higher MFO [men: 10.3 ± 3.1 mg · kg FFM-1 · min-1 (3.5-19.9 mg · kg FFM-1 · min-1); women: 11.2 ± 3.3 mg · kg FFM-1 · min-1 (4.6-20.7 mg · kg FFM-1 · min-1); P < 0.05].Conclusion: Considered alongside other robust determinants, dietary carbohydrate and fat intake make modest but independent contributions to the interindividual variability in the capacity to oxidize fat during exercise. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02070055.

SUBMITTER: Fletcher G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5366043 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dietary intake is independently associated with the maximal capacity for fat oxidation during exercise.

Fletcher Gareth G Eves Frank F FF Glover Elisa I EI Robinson Scott L SL Vernooij Carlijn A CA Thompson Janice L JL Wallis Gareth A GA

The American journal of clinical nutrition 20170301 4

<b>Background:</b> Substantial interindividual variability exists in the maximal rate of fat oxidation (MFO) during exercise with potential implications for metabolic health. Although the diet can affect the metabolic response to exercise, the contribution of a self-selected diet to the interindividual variability in the MFO requires further clarification.<b>Objective:</b> We sought to identify whether recent, self-selected dietary intake independently predicts the MFO in healthy men and women.< ...[more]

PMID: 28251936

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Project description:AimsMaximal exercise capacity as measured by peak oxygen consumption (pVO2 ) in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) of heart transplant recipients (HTR) is limited to a 50-70% level of healthy age-matched controls. This study investigated the relationship between body composition and pVO2 during the first decade post-transplant.Methods and resultsBody composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and pVO2 by CPET in 48 HTR (n = 38 males; mean age 51 ± 12 years). A total of 95 assessments were acquired 1-9 years post-transplant, and the results of four consecutive periods were compared [Period 1: 1-2 years (n = 25); 2: 3-4 years (n = 23); 3: 5-6 years (n = 23); 4: 7-9 years (n = 24)]. Linear regression analysis analysed the correlation between pVO2 and pairs of appendicular lean mass (ALM) and fat mass (FM). The relation between ALM and daily dose of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) was explored using partial correlation controlling for age, gender, and height. pVO2 increased from 0.98 (0.34) to 1.35 (0.35) L/min (P < 0.01) between Periods 1 and 4 corresponding to 54.5-63.3% of predicted value. Peak heart rate (HR) raised from 115 ± 19 to 131 ± 23 b.p.m. (P = 0.05), and anaerobic threshold (AT = VO2 achieved at AT) increased from 0.57 (0.18) to 0.83 (0.35) L/min (P < 0.01) between Periods 1 and 3. Median FM normalized to height2 (FMI) always remained elevated (>8.8 kg/m2 ). ALM normalized to body mass index increased from 0.690 (0.188) to 0.848 (0.204) m2 (P = 0.02) between Periods 1 and 4, explaining 45% of the variance of pVO2 (R2 = 0.455; P < 0.001). Eighty-one per cent of the variance of pVO2 (R2 = 0.817; P < 0.001) in multiple regression was explained by AT (β = 0.488), ALM (β = 0.396), peak HR (β = 0.366), and FMI (β = -0.181). ALM was negatively correlated with daily CNI dose (partial R = -0.258; P = 0.01).ConclusionsAfter heart transplantation, the beneficial effect of peripheral skeletal muscle gain on pVO2 is opposed by increased FM. Our findings support lifestyle efforts to fight adiposity and CNI dose reduction in the chronic stable phase to favour positive adaptation of peripheral muscle mass.

Project description:Purpose:The present study aimed to determine whether whole-body fat oxidation and muscle deoxygenation kinetics parameters during exercise were related in individuals with different aerobic fitness levels. Methods:Eleven cyclists [peak oxygen uptake ( V.O2?p?e?a?k ): 64.9 ± 3.9 mL?kg-1?min-1] and 11 active individuals ( V.O2?p?e?a?k : 49.1 ± 7.4 mL?kg-1?min-1) performed a maximal incremental cycling test to determine V.O2?p?e?a?k and a submaximal incremental cycling test to assess whole-body fat oxidation using indirect calorimetry and muscle deoxygenation kinetics of the vastus lateralis (VL) using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). A sinusoidal (SIN) model was used to characterize fat oxidation kinetics and to determine the intensity (Fatmax) eliciting maximal fat oxidation (MFO). The muscle deoxygenation response was fitted with a double linear model. The slope of the first parts of the kinetics (a 1) and the breakpoint ([HHb]BP) were determined. Results:MFO (p = 0.01) and absolute fat oxidation rates between 20 and 65% V.O2?p?e?a?k were higher in cyclists than in active participants (p < 0.05), while Fatmax occurred at a higher absolute exercise intensity (p = 0.01). a 1 was lower in cyclists (p = 0.02) and [HHb]BP occurred at a higher absolute intensity (p < 0.001) than in active individuals. V.O2?p?e?a?k was strongly correlated with MFO, Fatmax, and [HHb]BP (r = 0.65-0.88, p ? 0.001). MFO and Fatmax were both correlated with [HHb]BP (r = 0.66, p = 0.01 and r = 0.68, p < 0.001, respectively) and tended to be negatively correlated with a 1 (r = -0.41, p = 0.06 for both). Conclusion:This study showed that whole-body fat oxidation and muscle deoxygenation kinetics were both related to aerobic fitness and that a relationship between the two kinetics exists. Individuals with greater aerobic fitness may have a delayed reliance on glycolytic metabolism at higher exercise intensities because of a longer maintained balance between O2 delivery and consumption supporting higher fat oxidation rates.

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Dietary intake is independently associated with the maximal capacity for fat oxidation during exercise.

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Dietary intake is independently associated with the maximal capacity for fat oxidation during exercise.

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