Dataset Information

Acute increases in serum colonic short-chain fatty acids elicited by inulin do not increase GLP-1 or PYY responses but may reduce ghrelin in lean and overweight humans.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Colonic fermentation of dietary fibre to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) influences appetite hormone secretion in animals, but SCFA production is excessive in obese animals. This suggests there may be resistance to the effect of SCFA on appetite hormones in obesity. OBJECTIVES:To determine the effects of inulin (IN) and resistant starch (RS) on postprandial SCFA, and gut hormone (glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), peptide-tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) and ghrelin) responses in healthy overweight/obese (OWO) vs lean (LN) humans. SUBJECTS/METHODS:Overnight-fasted participants (13 OWO and 12 LN) consumed 300?ml water containing 75?g glucose (GLU) as control or 75?g GLU plus 24?g IN, or 28.2?g RS using a randomised, single-blind, cross-over design. Blood for appetite hormones and SCFA was collected at intervals over 6?h. A standard lunch was served 4?h after the test drink. RESULTS:Relative to GLU, IN, but not RS, significantly increased SCFA areas under the curve (AUC) from 4-6?h (AUC4-6). Neither IN nor RS affected GLP-1 or PYY-AUC4-6. Although neither IN nor RS reduced ghrelin-AUC4-6 compared with GLU, ghrelin at 6?h after IN was significantly lower than that after GLU (P<0.05). After IN, relative to GLU, the changes in SCFA-AUC4-6 were negatively related to the changes in ghrelin-AUC4-6 (P=0.017). SCFA and hormone responses did not differ significantly between LN and OWO. CONCLUSIONS:Acute increases in colonic SCFA do not affect GLP-1 or PYY responses in LN or OWO subjects, but may reduce ghrelin. The results do not support the hypothesis that SCFA acutely stimulate PYY and GLP-1 secretion; however, a longer adaptation to increased colonic fermentation or a larger sample size may yield different results.

SUBMITTER: Rahat-Rozenbloom S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5423780 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Acute increases in serum colonic short-chain fatty acids elicited by inulin do not increase GLP-1 or PYY responses but may reduce ghrelin in lean and overweight humans.

Rahat-Rozenbloom S S Fernandes J J Cheng J J Wolever T M S TMS

European journal of clinical nutrition 20161214 8

<h4>Background</h4>Colonic fermentation of dietary fibre to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) influences appetite hormone secretion in animals, but SCFA production is excessive in obese animals. This suggests there may be resistance to the effect of SCFA on appetite hormones in obesity.<h4>Objectives</h4>To determine the effects of inulin (IN) and resistant starch (RS) on postprandial SCFA, and gut hormone (glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), peptide-tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) and ghrelin) responses in hea ...[more]

PMID: 27966574

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundCircadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK), an essential element of the positive regulatory arm in the human biological clock, is involved in metabolic regulation. The aim was to investigate the behavioral (sleep duration, food timing, dietary intake, appetite and chronobiologic characteristics) and hormonal (plasma ghrelin and Glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations) factors that could explain the previously reported association between the CLOCK 3111 T/C SNP and obesity.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 403 subjects, overweight and/or obesity, aged 20- 50 years from Iran. The CLOCK rs1801260 data were measured by the PCR-RFLP method. Dietary intake, food timing, sleep duration, appetite and Chrono-type were assessed using validated questionnaires. Ghrelin and GLP-1 were measured by ELIZA in plasma samples. Participants were also divided into three groups based on BMI. Logistic regression models and general linear regression models were used to assess the association between CLOCK genotype and study parameters. Univariate linear regression models were used to assess the interaction between CLOCK and VAS, Food timing, chronotype and sleep on food intakes.ResultsAfter controlling for confounding factors, there was a significant difference between genotypes for physical activity (P = 0.001), waist circumference (P˂0.05), BMI (˂0.01), weight (P = 0.001), GLP-1 (P = 0.02), ghrelin (P = 0.04), appetite (P˂0.001), chronotype (P˂0.001), sleep (P˂0.001), food timing (P˂0.001), energy (P˂0.05), carbohydrate (P˂0.05) and fat intake (P˂0.001). Our findings also show that people with the minor allele C who ate lunch after 3 PM and breakfast after 9 AM are more prone to obesity (P˂0.05). furthermore, there was significant interactions between C allele carrier group and high appetite on fat intake (Pinteraction = 0.041), eat lunch after 3 PM on energy intake (Pinteraction = 0.039) and morning type on fat intake (Pinteraction = 0.021).ConclusionSleep reduction, changes in ghrelin and GLP-1 levels, changes in eating behaviors and evening preference that characterized CLOCK 3111C can all contribute to obesity. Furthermore, the data demonstrate a clear relationship between the timing of food intake and obesity. Our results support the hypothesis that the influence of the CLOCK gene may extend to a wide range of variables related to human behaviors.

Dataset Information

Acute increases in serum colonic short-chain fatty acids elicited by inulin do not increase GLP-1 or PYY responses but may reduce ghrelin in lean and overweight humans.

Publications

Acute increases in serum colonic short-chain fatty acids elicited by inulin do not increase GLP-1 or PYY responses but may reduce ghrelin in lean and overweight humans.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets