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Modular and Adaptable Tumor Niche Prepared from Visible Light Initiated Thiol-Norbornene Photopolymerization.

ABSTRACT: Photopolymerized biomimetic hydrogels with adaptable properties have been widely used for cell and tissue engineering applications. As a widely adopted gel cross-linking method, photopolymerization provides experimenters on-demand and spatial-temporal controls in gelation kinetics. Long wavelength ultraviolet (UV) light initiated photopolymerization is among the most popular methods in the fabrication of cell-laden hydrogels owing to its rapid and relatively mild gelation conditions. The use of UV light, however, still causes concerns regarding its potential negative impacts on cells. Alternatively, visible light based photopolymerization can be used to cross-link cell-laden hydrogels. The majority of visible light based gelation schemes involve photoinitiator, co-initiator, and comonomer. This multicomponent initiation system creates added challenges for optimizing hydrogel formulations. Here, we report a co-initiator/comonomer-free visible light initiated thiol-norbornene photopolymerization scheme to prepare modular biomimetic hydrogels suitable for in situ cell encapsulation. Eosin-Y was used as the sole initiator to initiate modular gelation between synthetic macromers (e.g., thiolated poly(vinyl alcohol) or poly(ethylene glycol)) and functionalized extracellular matrices (ECMs) including norbornene-functionalized gelatin (GelNB) or thiolated hyaluronic acid (THA). These components are modularly cross-linked to afford bioinert (i.e., purely synthetic), bioactive (i.e., using gelatin), and biomimetic (i.e., using gelatin and hyaluronic acid) hydrogels. The stiffness of the hydrogels can be easily tuned without affecting the contents of the bioactive components. Furthermore, the use of naturally derived biomacromolecules (e.g., gelatin and HA) renders these hydrogels susceptible to enzyme-mediated degradation. In addition to demonstrating efficient and tunable visible light mediated gelation, we also utilized this biomimetic modular gelation system to formulate artificial tumor niche and to study the effects of cell density and gel modulus on the formation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) spheroids.

SUBMITTER: Shih H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5436726 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Modular and Adaptable Tumor Niche Prepared from Visible Light Initiated Thiol-Norbornene Photopolymerization.

Shih Han H Greene Tanja T Korc Murray M Lin Chien-Chi CC

Biomacromolecules 20161111 12

Photopolymerized biomimetic hydrogels with adaptable properties have been widely used for cell and tissue engineering applications. As a widely adopted gel cross-linking method, photopolymerization provides experimenters on-demand and spatial-temporal controls in gelation kinetics. Long wavelength ultraviolet (UV) light initiated photopolymerization is among the most popular methods in the fabrication of cell-laden hydrogels owing to its rapid and relatively mild gelation conditions. The use of ...[more]

PMID: 27936722

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Project description:Step-growth thiol-Michael photopolymerizable resins, constituting an alternative chemistry to the current methacrylate-based chain-growth polymerizations, were developed and evaluated for use as dental restorative materials. The beneficial features inherent to anion-mediated thiol-Michael polymerizations were explored, such as rapid photocuring, low stress generation, ester content tunability, and improved mechanical performance in a moist environment. An ester-free tetrafunctional thiol and a ultraviolet-sensitive photobase generator were implemented to facilitate thiol-Michael photopolymerization. Thiol-Michael resins of varied ester content were fabricated under suitable light activation. Polymerization kinetics and shrinkage stress were determined with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with tensometery measurements. Thermomechanical properties of new materials were evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis and in 3-point bending stress-strain experiments. Photopolymerization kinetics, polymerization shrinkage stress, glass transition temperature, flexural modulus, flexural toughness, and water sorption/solubility were compared between different thiol-Michael systems and the BisGMA/TEGDMA control. Furthermore, the mechanical performance of 2 thiol-Michael composites and a control composite were compared before and after extensive conditioning in water. All photobase-catalyzed thiol-Michael polymerization matrices achieved >90% conversion with a dramatic reduction in shrinkage stress as compared with the unfilled dimethacrylate control. One prototype of ester-free thiol-Michael formulations had significantly better water uptake properties than the BisGMA/TEGDMA control system. Although exhibiting relatively lower Young's modulus and glass transition temperatures, highly uniform thiol-Michael materials achieved much higher toughness than the BisGMA/TEGDMA control. Moreover, low-ester thiol-Michael composite systems show stable mechanical performance even after extensive water treatment. Although further resin/curing methodology optimization is required, the photopolymerized thiol-Michael prototype resins can now be recognized as promising candidates for implementation in composite dental restorative materials.

Dataset Information

Modular and Adaptable Tumor Niche Prepared from Visible Light Initiated Thiol-Norbornene Photopolymerization.

Publications

Modular and Adaptable Tumor Niche Prepared from Visible Light Initiated Thiol-Norbornene Photopolymerization.

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