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Development of Potentiometric Sensors for C?H? Detection.

ABSTRACT: Gas exhaust emissions in vehicles are increasingly restrictive in EU and USA. Diesel engines are particularly affected by limitation in hydrocarbons and NOx concentrations. This work presents a screening of working electrode materials to develop a potentiometric sensor, with the most promising material to detect being C?H? at 550 °C. The device consists of a dense 8YSZ (8 mol% Y?O? stabilized ZrO?) disk as oxide-ion conducting electrolyte, whereas platinum is screen-printed in the back face as reference electrode. As working electrode, several materials such as Fe_0.7Cr_1.3O?, ZnCr?O?, Fe?NiO?, La_0.8Sr_0.2CrO_3-? (LSC), La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO? (LSM), and NiO+5%wt Au were tested to detect C?H?. Sensor voltage was measured for several concentrations of C?H? and CO as these are two of the major oxidizable compounds in a diesel exhaust gas. Fe_0.7Cr_1.3O? was selected as the most promising material because of its response to C?H? and CO. Not only is the response to the individual analytes important, but the C?H? cross-sensitivity toward CO is also important. Fe_0.7Cr_1.3O? showed a good performance to C?H?, with low cross-sensitivity to CO. In addition, when 0.16 ppm of phenanthrene is added, the sensor still has a slightly better response to C?H? than to CO. Nevertheless, the sensor exposure to high concentrations (>85 ppm) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons led to signal saturation. On the other hand, the operation in wet conditions induces lower sensor sensitivity to C?H? and higher cross-sensitivity toward CO increase, i.e., the sensor response becomes similar for C?H? and CO.

SUBMITTER: Toldra-Reig F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6164524 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Development of Potentiometric Sensors for C₂H₄ Detection.

Toldra-Reig Fidel F Serra Jose M JM

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 20180907 9

Gas exhaust emissions in vehicles are increasingly restrictive in EU and USA. Diesel engines are particularly affected by limitation in hydrocarbons and NOx concentrations. This work presents a screening of working electrode materials to develop a potentiometric sensor, with the most promising material to detect being C₂H₄ at 550 °C. The device consists of a dense 8YSZ (8 mol% Y₂O₃ stabilized ZrO₂) disk as oxide-ion conducting electrolyte, whereas platinum is screen-printed in the back face as r ...[more]

PMID: 30205494

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Project description:Manganese(III) complexes of three fluorophilic salen derivatives were used to prepare ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) with ionophore-doped fluorous sensing membranes. Because of their extremely low polarity and polarizability, fluorous media are not only chemically very inert but also solvate potentially interfering ions poorly, resulting in a much improved discrimination of such ions. Indeed, the new ISEs exhibited selectivities for CO(3)(2-) that exceed those of previously reported ISEs based on nonfluorous membranes by several orders of magnitude. In particular, the interference from chloride and salicylate was reduced by 2 and 6 orders of magnitude, respectively. To achieve this, the selectivities of these ISEs were fine-tuned by addition of noncoordinating hydrophobic ions (i.e., ionic sites) into the sensing membranes. Stability constants of the anion-ionophore complexes were determined from the dependence of the potentiometric selectivities on the charge sign of the ionic sites and the molar ratio of ionic sites and the ionophore. For this purpose, a previously introduced fluorophilic tetraphenylborate and a novel fluorophilic cation with a bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium group, (R(f6)(CH(2))(3))(3)PN(+)P(R(f6)(CH(2))(3))(3), were utilized (where R(f6) is C(6)F(13)). The optimum CO(3)(2-) selectivities were found for sensing membranes composed of anionic sites and ionophore in a 1:4 molar ratio, which results in the formation of 2:1 complexes with CO(3)(2-) with stability constants up to 4.1 × 10(15). As predicted by established theory, the site-to-ionophore ratios that provide optimum potentiometric selectivity depend on the stoichiometries of the complexes of both the primary and the interfering ions. However, the ionophores used in this study give examples of charges and stoichiometries previously neither explicitly predicted by theory nor shown by experiment. The exceptional selectivity of fluorous membranes doped with these carbonate ionophores suggests their use not only for potentiometric sensing but also for other types of sensors, such as the selective separation of carbonate from other anions and the sequestration of carbon dioxide.

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Development of Potentiometric Sensors for C?H? Detection.

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Development of Potentiometric Sensors for C₂H₄ Detection.

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