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A novel sensor design for accurate measurement of facial somatosensation in pre-term infants.

ABSTRACT: Facial somatosensory feedback is critical for breastfeeding in the first days of life. However, its development has never been investigated in humans. Here we develop a new interface to measure facial somatosensation in newborn infants. The novel system allows to measure neuronal responses to touching the face of the subject by synchronously recording scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and the force applied by the experimenter. This is based on a dedicated force transducer that can be worn on the finger underneath a clinical nitrile glove and linked to a commercial EEG acquisition system. The calibrated device measures the pressure applied by the investigator when tapping the skin concurrently with the resulting brain response. With this system, we were able to demonstrate that taps of 192 mN (mean) reliably elicited facial somatosensory responses in 7 pre-term infants. These responses had a time course similar to those following limbs stimulation, but more lateral topographical distribution consistent with body representations in primary somatosensory areas. The method introduced can therefore be used to reliably measure facial somatosensory responses in vulnerable infants.

SUBMITTER: Donadio A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6239299 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A novel sensor design for accurate measurement of facial somatosensation in pre-term infants.

Donadio Alessandro A Whitehead Kimberley K Gonzalez Franck F Wilhelm Elisabeth E Formica Domenico D Meek Judith J Fabrizi Lorenzo L Burdet Etienne E

PloS one 20181116 11

Facial somatosensory feedback is critical for breastfeeding in the first days of life. However, its development has never been investigated in humans. Here we develop a new interface to measure facial somatosensation in newborn infants. The novel system allows to measure neuronal responses to touching the face of the subject by synchronously recording scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and the force applied by the experimenter. This is based on a dedicated force transducer that can be worn on th ...[more]

PMID: 30444872

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Project description:BackgroundHand hygiene is a crucial and cost-effective method to prevent health care-associated infections, and in 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued guidelines to encourage and standardize hand hygiene procedures. However, a common challenge in health care settings is low adherence, leading to low handwashing quality. Recent advances in machine learning and wearable sensing have made it possible to accurately measure handwashing quality for the purposes of training, feedback, or accreditation.ObjectiveWe measured the accuracy of a sensor armband (Myo armband) in detecting the steps and duration of the WHO procedures for handwashing and handrubbing.MethodsWe recruited 20 participants (10 females; mean age 26.5 years, SD 3.3). In a semistructured environment, we collected armband data (acceleration, gyroscope, orientation, and surface electromyography data) and video data from each participant during 15 handrub and 15 handwash sessions. We evaluated the detection accuracy for different armband placements, sensor configurations, user-dependent vs user-independent models, and the use of bootstrapping.ResultsUsing a single armband, the accuracy was 96% (SD 0.01) for the user-dependent model and 82% (SD 0.08) for the user-independent model. This increased when using two armbands to 97% (SD 0.01) and 91% (SD 0.04), respectively. Performance increased when the armband was placed on the forearm (user dependent: 97%, SD 0.01; and user independent: 91%, SD 0.04) and decreased when placed on the arm (user dependent: 96%, SD 0.01; and user independent: 80%, SD 0.06). In terms of bootstrapping, user-dependent models can achieve more than 80% accuracy after six training sessions and 90% with 16 sessions. Finally, we found that the combination of accelerometer and gyroscope minimizes power consumption and cost while maximizing performance.ConclusionsA sensor armband can be used to measure hand hygiene quality relatively accurately, in terms of both handwashing and handrubbing. The performance is acceptable using a single armband worn in the upper arm but can substantially improve by placing the armband on the forearm or by using two armbands.

Project description:Effectively delivering pharmaceutical aerosols to the lungs of preterm and term infants represents a considerable technical challenge. Small infants are obligatory nose breathers, they have small airways, low tidal volumes and rapid respiration rates. It is ethically unacceptable to investigate aerosol deposition in vivo in newborns due to ethical concerns about the radiation exposure involved in imaging studies and drug delivery and blood draws in pharmacokinetics studies. The purpose of the work reported in this article was thus to report the use of modeling to develop an understanding of the regional deposition of aerosols in neonates and to build a theoretical basis for choosing an optimum aerosol size to maximize delivery and minimize variability. Recent data on aerosol deposition in the nasal airways of newborn term and preterm infants was coupled to an established, scalable, lung deposition model to investigate the effects of age, aerosol size and ventilation on regional airway deposition. In the term newborn infant lung deposition ranged from 25% to 35% depending on Geometric Standard Deviations (GSDs). Intrasubject variability was minimized for aerosols with larger GSD. However, mean lung deposition is reduced with increasing GSD. A compromise between maximum lung deposition and increased intersubject variability appears to be in the region of GSDs of 1.75. In the 30-week GA preterm infant lung deposition is slightly higher than in the term infant despite smaller airways and lower tidal volumes. This is likely due to the lower inhaled flow rates that are concomitant with lower lung volumes. Finally, when aerosol delivery is directly to the trachea, as it would be if delivered via an endotracheal tube there is a monotonic increase in lung deposition with increasing aerosol size with peripheral deposition peaking at 2 to 3 µm. However, practical limitations of aerosol transport through endotracheal tubes, limiting delivered aerosol size, likely caps lung deposition at around 30% to 30% of the delivered dose.

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A novel sensor design for accurate measurement of facial somatosensation in pre-term infants.

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A novel sensor design for accurate measurement of facial somatosensation in pre-term infants.

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