Dataset Information

Nicotine on Children's Hands: Limited Protection of Smoking Bans and Initial Clinical Findings.

ABSTRACT: Background:Thirdhand smoke (THS) pollutants, such as nicotine, accumulate on the hands of children who live in homes with smokers and are exposed to secondhand smoke. Our objective was to examine whether levels of hand nicotine in exposed children are associated with demographics, environmental factors, and clinical findings. Methods:Participants were caregivers who smoke and children (mean age (SD)?=?2.6 (3.7)?years) who were part of an ongoing 2-group, randomized controlled trial of an emergency department-based tobacco cessation intervention (N?=?104). The primary outcome measure was nicotine on the child's hand. Caregivers reported demographics and smoking patterns; children's medical records were abstracted for chief complaint, medical history, and diagnoses. Results:All children had detectable hand nicotine (geometric mean [GeoM]?=?86.2?ng/wipe; range?=?3.5-2, 190.4?ng/wipe). Children in the age group of 2 to 4?years old (GeoM?=?185.6?ng/wipe) had higher levels than the children in the age groups of 0 to 1 (GeoM?=?68.9?ng/wipe, P?

SUBMITTER: Mahabee-Gittens EM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6351963 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nicotine on Children's Hands: Limited Protection of Smoking Bans and Initial Clinical Findings.

Mahabee-Gittens E Melinda EM Merianos Ashley L AL Hoh Eunha E Quintana Penelope Je PJ Matt Georg E GE

Tobacco use insights 20190116

<h4>Background</h4>Thirdhand smoke (THS) pollutants, such as nicotine, accumulate on the hands of children who live in homes with smokers and are exposed to secondhand smoke. Our objective was to examine whether levels of hand nicotine in exposed children are associated with demographics, environmental factors, and clinical findings.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants were caregivers who smoke and children (mean age (SD) = 2.6 (3.7) years) who were part of an ongoing 2-group, randomized controlled tria ...[more]

PMID: 30728727

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Project description:IntroductionThe ratio of trans 3'-hydroxycotinine (3HC) to cotinine (nicotine metabolite ratio [NMR]) is a biomarker of the rate of nicotine metabolism, with higher NMR indicating faster metabolism. Higher NMR has been found to be associated with higher daily cigarette consumption and less success stopping smoking in cessation trials. This study examines differences in NMR among population-based samples of smokers in the five countries and explores the relationship between NMR and smoking abstinence.MethodsParticipants (N = 874) provided saliva samples during International Tobacco Control (ITC) surveys in the United States, United Kingdom, Mauritius, Mexico, and Thailand conducted in 2010/2011 with follow-up surveys in 2012/2013. When all samples were received, they were sent to a common laboratory for analysis using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectroscopy.ResultsThere was significant variation in NMR across countries (F = 15.49, p < .001). Those who reported smoking at follow-up had a mean NMR of 0.32, compared to a mean NMR of 0.42 in participants who reported that they had stopped (F = 8.93; p = .003). Higher mean NMR values were also associated with longer quit duration (p = .007). There was no substantial difference in NMR between current smokers who made a failed quit attempt and those who made no attempt-both had significantly lower NMR compared to those who quit and remained abstinent. Smokers with a higher NMR were more likely to report that they stopped smoking compared to those with a lower NMR (odds ratio = 2.67; 95% confidence interval: 1.25 to 5.68).ConclusionsThese results suggest faster nicotine metabolizers may be less likely to relapse following a quit attempt. This finding differs from results of clinical trials testing stop smoking medications, where slower metabolizers have been found to be more likely to maintain abstinence from smoking.ImplicationsResults of this study suggest faster nicotine metabolizers may be less likely to relapse following a quit attempt. This finding differs from results of clinical trials testing stop smoking medications, where slower metabolizers have been found to be more likely to maintain abstinence from smoking.

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Nicotine on Children's Hands: Limited Protection of Smoking Bans and Initial Clinical Findings.

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Nicotine on Children's Hands: Limited Protection of Smoking Bans and Initial Clinical Findings.

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