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Maternal paraben exposure triggers childhood overweight development.

ABSTRACT: Parabens are preservatives widely used in consumer products including cosmetics and food. Whether low-dose paraben exposure may cause adverse health effects has been discussed controversially in recent years. Here we investigate the effect of prenatal paraben exposure on childhood overweight by combining epidemiological data from a mother-child cohort with experimental approaches. Mothers reporting the use of paraben-containing cosmetic products have elevated urinary paraben concentrations. For butyl paraben (BuP) a positive association is observed to overweight within the first eight years of life with a stronger trend in girls. Consistently, maternal BuP exposure of mice induces a higher food intake and weight gain in female offspring. The effect is accompanied by an epigenetic modification in the neuronal Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) enhancer 1 leading to a reduced hypothalamic POMC expression. Here we report that maternal paraben exposure may contribute to childhood overweight development by altered POMC-mediated neuronal appetite regulation.

SUBMITTER: Leppert B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7012887 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Maternal paraben exposure triggers childhood overweight development.

Leppert Beate B Strunz Sandra S Seiwert Bettina B Schlittenbauer Linda L Schlichting Rita R Pfeiffer Christiane C Röder Stefan S Bauer Mario M Borte Michael M Stangl Gabriele I GI Schöneberg Torsten T Schulz Angela A Karkossa Isabell I Rolle-Kampczyk Ulrike E UE Thürmann Loreen L von Bergen Martin M Escher Beate I BI Junge Kristin M KM Reemtsma Thorsten T Lehmann Irina I Polte Tobias T

Nature communications 20200211 1

Parabens are preservatives widely used in consumer products including cosmetics and food. Whether low-dose paraben exposure may cause adverse health effects has been discussed controversially in recent years. Here we investigate the effect of prenatal paraben exposure on childhood overweight by combining epidemiological data from a mother-child cohort with experimental approaches. Mothers reporting the use of paraben-containing cosmetic products have elevated urinary paraben concentrations. For ...[more]

PMID: 32047148

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Project description:ImportanceThe first pediatric lead screening typically occurs at 1-year well-child care visits. However, data on the extent of maternal lead exposure and its long-term consequences for child health are lacking.ObjectiveTo investigate the associations between maternal red blood cell (RBC) lead levels and intergenerational risk of overweight or obesity (OWO) and whether adequate maternal folate status is associated with a reduction in OWO risk.Design, setting, and participantsProspective birth cohort study. The analysis was conducted from July 14, 2018, to August 2, 2019, at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. This study included 1442 mother-child pairs recruited at birth from October 27, 2002, to October 10, 2013, and followed up prospectively at Boston Medical Center.Main outcomes and measuresChild body mass index (BMI) z score, calculated according to US national reference data, and OWO, defined as BMI at or exceeding the 85th percentile for age and sex. Maternal RBC lead levels and plasma folate levels were measured in samples obtained 24 to 72 hours after delivery; child whole-blood lead level was obtained from the first pediatric lead screening.ResultsThe mean (SD) age of mothers and children was 28.6 (6.5) years and 8.1 (3.1) years, respectively; 50.1% of children were boys. The median maternal RBC lead level and plasma folate level were 2.5 (interquartile range [IQR], 1.7-3.8) μg/dL and 32.2 (IQR, 22.1-44.4) nmol/L, respectively. The median child whole-blood lead level and child BMI z score were 1.4 (IQR, 1.4-2.0) μg/dL and 0.78 (IQR, -0.08 to 1.71), respectively. Maternal RBC lead level was associated with child OWO risk in a dose-response fashion, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.65 (95% CI, 1.18-2.32) for high maternal RBC lead level (≥5.0 μg/dL) compared with low maternal RBC lead level (<2.0 μg/dL). Child OWO was highest among children of OWO mothers with high RBC lead levels (adjusted OR, 4.24; 95% CI, 2.64-6.82) compared with children of non-OWO mothers with low RBC lead levels. Children of OWO mothers with high RBC lead levels had 41% lower OWO risk (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.36-0.95; P = .03) if their mothers had adequate plasma folate levels (≥20.4 nmol/L) compared with their counterparts.Conclusions and relevanceIn this sample of a US urban population, findings suggest that maternal elevated lead exposure was associated with increased risk of intergenerational OWO independent of postnatal blood lead levels. Adequate maternal folate status appeared to be associated with lower OWO risk. If confirmed by additional studies, these findings have implications for prenatal lead screening and management to minimize adverse health consequences on children.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Low-dose mercury (Hg) exposure has been associated with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity in adults, but it is unknown the metabolic consequence of in utero Hg exposure. This study aimed to investigate the association between in utero Hg exposure and child overweight or obesity (OWO) and to explore if adequate maternal folate can mitigate Hg toxicity. METHODS:This prospective study included 1442 mother-child pairs recruited at birth and followed up to age 15?years. Maternal Hg in red blood cells and plasma folate levels were measured in samples collected 1-3?days after delivery (a proxy for third trimester exposure). Adequate folate was defined as plasma folate ??20.4?nmol/L. Childhood OWO was defined as body mass index ??85% percentile for age and sex. RESULTS:The median (interquartile range) of maternal Hg levels were 2.11 (1.04-3.70) ?g/L. Geometric mean (95% CI) of maternal folate levels were 31.1 (30.1-32.1) nmol/L. Maternal Hg levels were positively associated with child OWO from age 2-15?years, independent of maternal pre-pregnancy OWO, diabetes, and other covariates. The relative risk (RR?=?1.24, 95% CI 1.05-1.47) of child OWO associated with the highest quartile of Hg exposure was 24% higher than those with the lowest quartile. Maternal pre-pregnancy OWO and/or diabetes additively enhanced Hg toxicity. The highest risk of child OWO was found among children of OWO and diabetic mothers in the top Hg quartile (RR?=?2.06; 95% CI 1.56-2.71) compared to their counterparts. Furthermore, adequate maternal folate status mitigated Hg toxicity. Given top quartile Hg exposure, adequate maternal folate was associated with a 34% reduction in child OWO risk (RR?=?0.66, 95% CI 0.51-0.85) as compared with insufficient maternal folate. There was a suggestive interaction between maternal Hg and folate levels on child OWO risk (p for interaction?=?0.086). CONCLUSIONS:In this US urban, multi-ethnic population, elevated in utero Hg exposure was associated with a higher risk of OWO in childhood, and such risk was enhanced by maternal OWO and/or diabetes and reduced by adequate maternal folate. These findings underscore the need to screen for Hg and to optimize maternal folate status, especially among mothers with OWO and/or diabetes.

Project description:BackgroundAlthough previous studies suggest that exposure to traffic-related pollution during childhood increases the risk of childhood overweight or obesity (COWO), the role of early life exposure to fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter <2.5 ?m; PM2.5) and its joint effect with the mother’s prepregnancy body mass index (MPBMI) on COWO remain unclear.ObjectivesThe present study was conducted to examine the individual and joint effects of ambient PM2.5 exposures and MPBMI on the risk of COWO.MethodsWe estimated exposures to ambient PM2.5in utero and during the first 2 y of life (F2YL), using data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Air Quality System matched to residential address, in 1,446 mother–infant pairs who were recruited at birth from 1998 and followed up prospectively through 2012 at the Boston Medical Center in Massachusetts. We quantified the individual and joint effects of PM2.5 exposure with MPBMI on COWO, defined as the child’s age- and sex-specific BMI z-score ?85th?percentile at the last well-child care visit between 2 and 9 y of age. Additivity was assessed by estimating the reduced excess risk due to interaction.ResultsComparing the highest and lowest quartiles of PM2.5, the adjusted relative risks (RRs) [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] of COWO were 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.5), 1.2 (95% CI: 1.0, 1.4), 1.2 (95% CI: 1.0, 1.4), 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.6), 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.5) and 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) during preconception; the first, second, and third trimesters; the entire period of pregnancy; and F2YL, respectively. Spline regression showed a dose–response relationship between PM2.5 levels and COWO after a threshold near the median exposure (10.46 ?g/m3–10.89 ?g/m3). Compared with their counterparts, children of obese mothers exposed to high levels of PM2.5 had the highest risk of COWO [RR?2.0, relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) not significant].ConclusionsIn the present study, we observed that early life exposure to PM2.5 may play an important role in the early life origins of COWO and may increase the risk of COWO in children of mothers who were overweight or obese before pregnancy beyond the risk that can be attributed to MPBMI alone. Our findings emphasize the clinical and public health policy relevance of early life PM2.5 exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP261

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Maternal paraben exposure triggers childhood overweight development.

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Maternal paraben exposure triggers childhood overweight development.

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