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Heavy metal concentrations in sediments and Cyprinus carpio from Maqalika Reservoir -Maseru, Lesotho: An analysis of potential health risks to Fish consumers.

ABSTRACT: The determination of heavy metal contaminants in fish is very important in monitoring health risks to humans who consume them. This study assessed the concentration of heavy metals (As, Pb and Zn) in sediments and gills of Common Carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) from Maqalika Reservoir in Maseru, Lesotho and their potential health risks to such fish consumers. Sediment and Cyprinus carpio samples were collected from upstream, midstream and downstream sites of Maqalika Reservoir and examined for As, Pb and Zn using atomic absorption spectrometer. Potential health risks were based on comparing the derived metal concentrations in gills of Cyprinus carpio with the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits for human consumption. The mean concentration levels of Zn, As and Pb in sediment were in the order: 78.5; 2.34; and 0.29 mg/kg respectively. In the gills of Cyprinus carpio the mean concentration levels were in the order 7.85; 1.29; and 0.33 mg/kg for Zn, As and Pb respectively. The magnitude of concentration of Zn, As and Pb by location in the reservoir varied spatially in the order of downstream > midstream > upstream in both sediment and gills of Cyprinus carpio. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in metal concentrations between upstream and downstream sites of the reservoir were observed. The metals concentration in gills of Cyprinus carpio were lower than those in sediments, but positively and significantly correlated (P < 0.05). As and Pb concentration levels in the gills of Cyprinus carpio were higher than the WHO permissible limits recommended for fish consumption of 1 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg respectively, suggesting that residents could experience significant health risks from the intake of individual metals through fish consumption. Measures should be taken to reduce heavy metal concentrations in sediment and Cyprinus carpio exposure in the general population in order to minimize the risk of human health adverse effects.

SUBMITTER: Gwimbi P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7103656 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Heavy metal concentrations in sediments and Cyprinus carpio from Maqalika Reservoir -Maseru, Lesotho: An analysis of potential health risks to Fish consumers.

Gwimbi Patrick P Kotelo Ts'alikoe T Selimo Masepele Jenette MJ

Toxicology reports 20200326

The determination of heavy metal contaminants in fish is very important in monitoring health risks to humans who consume them. This study assessed the concentration of heavy metals (As, Pb and Zn) in sediments and gills of Common Carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) from Maqalika Reservoir in Maseru, Lesotho and their potential health risks to such fish consumers. Sediment and Cyprinus carpio samples were collected from upstream, midstream and downstream sites of Maqalika Reservoir and exam ...[more]

PMID: 32257824

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Project description:Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been manufactured for over 50 years in increasing quantities and has been used for several industrial and commercial aims. Due to the persistence and the bioaccumulation of this pollutant, it can be found worldwide in wildlife and humans. Biochemical effects of PFOS exposure are mainly studied in mammalian model species and information about effects on fish species remain largely scarce. This lack of toxicity data points out that there is an urgent need for the mechanistic molecular understanding of the mode of action of this pollutant. In the present study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was exposed through water for 14 days at concentrations of 0.1; 0.5 and 1 mg/l PFOS. Liver was selected as target tissue. Custom microarrays were constructed from cDNA libraries obtained with Suppression Subtractive Hybridization-Polymerase chain reaction (SSH-PCR) experiments. Microarray data revealed that the expression of several genes in the liver was influenced by PFOS exposure and real-time PCR was used to confirm these gene expression changes. The affected genes were mainly involved in energy metabolism, reproduction and stress response. Furthermore, the relative condition factor and the hepatosomatic index of the exposed fish were significantly lower after 14 days of exposure as well as the available glycogen reserves. At all levels of biological organization, indications of a trade-off between the metabolic cost of toxicant exposure on one hand and processes vital to the survival of the organism on the other hand were seen. Our results support the prediction that increases in energy expenditure negatively affects processes vital to the survival of an organism, such as growth. Keywords: PFOS, common carp, microarray, condition factor, energy reserves, metabolic cost There were 3 biological replicates for each exposure concentration. For each biological replicate control versus exposed hybridizations were carried out. The mean of the biological replicates was calculated for the differentially expressed genes.

Dataset Information

Heavy metal concentrations in sediments and Cyprinus carpio from Maqalika Reservoir -Maseru, Lesotho: An analysis of potential health risks to Fish consumers.

Publications

Heavy metal concentrations in sediments and <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> from Maqalika Reservoir -Maseru, Lesotho: An analysis of potential health risks to Fish consumers.

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