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Stable metal anodes enabled by a labile organic molecule bonded to a reduced graphene oxide aerogel.

ABSTRACT: Metallic anodes (lithium, sodium, and zinc) are attractive for rechargeable battery technologies but are plagued by an unfavorable metal-electrolyte interface that leads to nonuniform metal deposition and an unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). Here we report the use of electrochemically labile molecules to regulate the electrochemical interface and guide even lithium deposition and a stable SEI. The molecule, benzenesulfonyl fluoride, was bonded to the surface of a reduced graphene oxide aerogel. During metal deposition, this labile molecule not only generates a metal-coordinating benzenesulfonate anion that guides homogeneous metal deposition but also contributes lithium fluoride to the SEI to improve Li surface passivation. Consequently, high-efficiency lithium deposition with a low nucleation overpotential was achieved at a high current density of 6.0 mA cm^-2 A Li|LiCoO₂ cell had a capacity retention of 85.3% after 400 cycles, and the cell also tolerated low-temperature (-10 °C) operation without additional capacity fading. This strategy was applied to sodium and zinc anodes as well.

SUBMITTER: Gao Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7720105 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Super-compressible and mechanically stable reduced graphene oxide aerogel for wearable functional devices

Project description:ABSTRACT The graphene-based aerogels with good electrical conductivity and compressibility have been reported. However, it is challenging to fabricate the graphene aerogel to have excellent mechanical stability for its application in wearable devices. Thus, inspired by macroscale arch-shaped elastic structures and the importance of crosslinking in microstructural stability, we synthesized the mechanically stable reduced graphene oxide aerogels with small elastic modulus by optimizing the reducing agent to make the aligned wrinkled microstructure in which physical crosslinking is dominant. We used L-ascorbic acid, urea, and hydrazine hydrate as reducing agents to synthesize the graphene aerogels rGO-LAA, rGO-Urea, and rGO-HH, respectively. Hydrazine hydrate was found to be best in enhancing the physical and ionic interaction among graphene nanoflakes to achieve a wavy structure with excellent fatigue resistance. Notably, the optimized rGO-HH aerogel maintained structural stability even after 1000 cycles of compression of 50% strain and decompression, showing 98.7% stress retention and 98.1% height retention. We also studied the piezoresistive properties of the rGO-HH aerogel and showed that the rGO-HH-based pressure sensor exhibited excellent sensitivity (~5.7 kPa−1) with good repeatability. Hence, a super-compressible and mechanically stable piezoresistive material for wearable functional devices was demonstrated by controlling the microstructure and surface chemistry of the reduced graphene oxide aerogel. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

| S-EPMC10243390 | biostudies-literature

Porous Amorphous Silicon Hollow Nanoboxes Coated with Reduced Graphene Oxide as Stable Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Project description:Amorphous silicon (a-Si), due to its satisfactory theoretical capacity, moderate discharge potential, and abundant reserves, is treated as one of the most prospective materials for the anode of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, the slow Na+ diffusion kinetics, poor electrical conductivity, and rupture-prone structures of a-Si restrict its further development. In this work, a composite (a-Si@rGO) consisting of porous amorphous silicon hollow nanoboxes (a-Si HNBs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is prepared. The a-Si HNBs are synthesized through "sodiothermic reduction" of silica hollow nanoboxes at a relatively low temperature, and the rGO is covered on the surface of the a-Si HNBs by electrostatic interaction. The as-synthesized composite anode applying in SIBs exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 681.6 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1, great stability over 2000 cycles at 800 mA g-1, and superior rate performance (261.2, 176.8, 130.3, 98.4, and 73.3 mAh g-1 at 100, 400, 800, 1500, and 3000 mA g-1, respectively). The excellent electrochemical properties are ascribed to synergistic action of the porous hollow nanostructure of a-Si and the rGO coating. This research not only offers an innovative synthetic means for the development of a-Si in various fields but also provides a practicable idea for the design of other alloy-type anodes.

| S-EPMC9434769 | biostudies-literature

Ultra-Light Reduced Graphene Oxide Based Aerogel/Foam Absorber of Microwave Radiation.

Project description:We present the polarization-dependent highly absorptive in Ka-band composition of conventional polyurethane foam filled with in situ synthesized aerogel coated by reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The rGO-based aerogel was in situ prepared into the open-cell polyurethane foam (PUF) skeleton through a bidirectional freeze-drying process. The aerogel is composed of the flat lamellas stacks, possessing the anisotropic structure and unique electromagnetic properties. Further improvement of the electromagnetic shielding ability was possible by the rGO coating introduction as a coupling layer between PUF and rGO-based aerogel. This enhances the overall conductivity of the resulting composites: 1.41 + 3.33i S/m vs. 0.9 + 2.45i S/m for PUF loaded with in situ synthesized aerogel without rGO coating.With this mechanically robust plane easy to process coating one could achieve -20 dB by power with the record light structure (0.0462 g/cm²). That could compete in view of the weight per cm² even with graphene-based absorbers comprising either dielectric matching elements or back metal reflectors, or both.

| S-EPMC6356501 | biostudies-literature

Reduced graphene oxide anodes for potential application in algae biophotovoltaic platforms.

Project description:The search for renewable energy sources has become challenging in the current era, as conventional fuel sources are of finite origins. Recent research interest has focused on various biophotovoltaic (BPV) platforms utilizing algae, which are then used to harvest solar energy and generate electrical power. The majority of BPV platforms incorporate indium tin oxide (ITO) anodes for the purpose of charge transfer due to its inherent optical and electrical properties. However, other materials such as reduced graphene oxide (RGO) could provide higher efficiency due to their intrinsic electrical properties and biological compatibility. In this work, the performance of algae biofilms grown on RGO and ITO anodes were measured and discussed. Results indicate improved peak power of 0.1481 mWm(-2) using the RGO electrode and an increase in efficiency of 119%, illustrating the potential of RGO as an anode material for applications in biofilm derived devices and systems.

| S-EPMC4273602 | biostudies-other

Anchoring Fe3O4 nanoparticles in a reduced graphene oxide aerogel matrix via polydopamine coating.

Project description:Reduced graphene oxide-magnetite hybrid aerogels attract great interest thanks to their potential applications, e.g., as magnetic actuators. However, the tendency of magnetite particles to migrate within the matrix and, ultimately, escape from the aerogel structure, remains a technological challenge. In this article we show that coating magnetite particles with polydopamine anchors them on graphene oxide defects, immobilizing the particles in the matrix and, at the same time, improving the aerogel structure. Polydopamine coating does not affect the magnetic properties of magnetite particles, making the fabricated materials promising for industrial applications.

| S-EPMC5827803 | biostudies-literature

Construct α-FeOOH-Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogel as a Carrier for Glucose Oxidase Electrode.

Project description:A promising α-FeOOH-reduced graphene oxide aerogel (FeOOH-GA) has been prepared for the assembly of an enzyme electrode. The α-FeOOH-reduced graphene oxide aerogel was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results reveal that graphene oxide is reduced by Fe2+ ion and α-FeOOH nanorods anchored on the reduced graphene oxide sheet through the Fe-O-C bond. Analyses using scanning electron microscopy and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method show that FeOOH-GA displays a various and interconnected pore structure. The FeOOH-GA was used as a support material on the glass carbon electrode (GCE) for glucose oxidase (GOD). Electrochemistry properties and bioelectrocatalytic activities of Nafion/GOD/FeOOH-GA/GCE were achieved from cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that Nafion/GOD/FeOOH-GA/GCE maintains outstanding catalytic activity and electrochemical properties. The FeOOH-GA could immobilize GOD through the hydrophobicity of the reduced graphene oxide and hydroxide radical of α-FeOOH. Appropriate α-FeOOH and diversified pore structure are beneficial for electron transfer, enzyme electrode storage, and interfacial electron transfer rate. All results indicated that the α-FeOOH-reduced graphene oxide aerogel as a carrier could effectively immobilize the tested enzyme.

| S-EPMC9146937 | biostudies-literature

Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogel inside Melamine Sponge as an Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Project description:A graphene oxide aerogel (GOA) was formed inside a melamine sponge (MS) framework. After reduction with hydrazine at 60 °C, the electrical conductive nitrogen-enriched rGOA-MS composite material with a specific density of 20.1 mg/cm3 was used to fabricate an electrode, which proved to be a promising electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction. The rGOA-MS composite material was characterized by elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that nitrogen in the material is presented by different types with the maximum concentration of pyrrole-like nitrogen. By using Raman scattering it was established that the rGOA component of the material is graphene-like carbon with an average size of the sp2-domains of 5.7 nm. This explains a quite high conductivity of the composite obtained.

| S-EPMC7827904 | biostudies-literature

Stable Zinc Anodes Enabled by Zincophilic Cu Nanowire Networks.

Project description:Zn-based electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems have received tremendous attention in recent years, but their zinc anodes are seriously plagued by the issues of zinc dendrite and side reactions (e.g., corrosion and hydrogen evolution). Herein, we report a novel strategy of employing zincophilic Cu nanowire networks to stabilize zinc anodes from multiple aspects. According to experimental results, COMSOL simulation and density functional theory calculations, the Cu nanowire networks covering on zinc anode surface not only homogenize the surface electric field and Zn2+ concentration field, but also inhibit side reactions through their hydrophobic feature. Meanwhile, facets and edge sites of the Cu nanowires, especially the latter ones, are revealed to be highly zincophilic to induce uniform zinc nucleation/deposition. Consequently, the Cu nanowire networks-protected zinc anodes exhibit an ultralong cycle life of over 2800 h and also can continuously operate for hundreds of hours even at very large charge/discharge currents and areal capacities (e.g., 10 mA cm-2 and 5 mAh cm-2), remarkably superior to bare zinc anodes and most of currently reported zinc anodes, thereby enabling Zn-based EES devices to possess high capacity, 16,000-cycle lifespan and rapid charge/discharge ability. This work provides new thoughts to realize long-life and high-rate zinc anodes.

| S-EPMC8702588 | biostudies-literature

Charge storage mechanisms of manganese oxide nanosheets and N-doped reduced graphene oxide aerogel for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors.

Project description:Although manganese oxide- and graphene-based supercapacitors have been widely studied, their charge storage mechanisms are not yet fully investigated. In this work, we have studied the charge storage mechanisms of K-birnassite MnO2 nanosheets and N-doped reduced graphene oxide aerogel (N-rGOae) using an in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and an electrochemical quart crystal microbalance (EQCM). The oxidation number of Mn at the MnO2 electrode is +3.01 at 0?V vs. SCE for the charging process and gets oxidized to +3.12 at +0.8?V vs. SCE and then reduced back to +3.01 at 0?V vs. SCE for the discharging process. The mass change of solvated ions, inserted to the layers of MnO2 during the charging process is 7.4??g?cm-2. Whilst, the mass change of the solvated ions at the N-rGOae electrode is 8.4??g?cm-2. An asymmetric supercapacitor of MnO2//N-rGOae (CR2016) provides a maximum specific capacitance of ca. 467?F?g-1 at 1?A?g-1, a maximum specific power of 39?kW?kg-1 and a specific energy of 40?Wh?kg-1 with a wide working potential of 1.6?V and 93.2% capacity retention after 7,500 cycles. The MnO2//N-rGOae supercapacitor may be practically used in high power and energy applications.

| S-EPMC5114613 | biostudies-literature

Interfacial Hydrothermal Assembly of Three-Dimensional Lamellar Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogel Membranes for Water Self-Purification.

Project description:Energy-saving membrane separation for water purification is increasingly desired, which requires appropriate nanofiltration membranes enabling to reject undesired solutes efficiently and allows high permeation of water. Herein, we report the fabrication of three-dimensional lamellar reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hydrogel membranes with a one-step, environment-friendly and water/vapor interfacial hydrothermal assembly process and the corresponding aerogel membranes by the freeze-drying method. The structures of the aerogel membranes can be tuned from lamellar to porously interconnected morphologies by controlling the volume of GO suspensions during the hydrothermal process. The rGO aerogel membrane was extremely flexible, which can be bent in liquid nitrogen and boiling water without any deformation, and highly stable in various solvents for at least 2 months. When used as nanofiltration membranes, the rGO aerogel membranes showed ∼100% rejection of organic dyes and a moderate water flux (up to 53 L m-2 h-1) only under the gravity of organic dye aqueous solutions of a 30 cm height. This water self-purification property of our flexible and stable aerogel membranes without extra energy consumption provides a possibility to make cheap, portable water purification devices for utilization in emergency and home-used water purification systems in the areas with electricity unavailable or inconvenient.

| S-EPMC8600619 | biostudies-literature

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