Dataset Information

Pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of interleukin (IL6) in vitro: relevance for major depression and for human hippocampal neurogenesis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Although the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)6, has been generally regarded as "depressogenic", recent research has started to question this assumption, in light of the fact that this cytokine can also have anti-inflammatory properties. This bimodal action seems to be dependent on its concentration levels, and on the concomitant presence of other pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Methods

We exposed a human hippocampal progenitor cell line HPC0A07/03C to cytokine levels described in depressed patients (IL6 5pg/ml with IL1? 10pg/ml or Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) 300pg/ml), in healthy subjects (IL6 with IL1?, 1pg/ml or MIF 10pg/ml), as well as to the potentially anti-inflammatory, much higher concentrations of IL6 (50000pg/ml).

Results

Treatment with high concentrations of IL6 with IL1? or MIF (resembling depressed patients) decreases neurogenesis when compared with low concentrations of the same cytokines (healthy subjects), and that this is mediated via production of, respectively, IL8 and IL1? in cell supernatant. Instead, treatment with the very high, anti-inflammatory concentration of IL6 (50000pg/ml) together with high IL1? or MIF prevents the decrease in neurogenesis and reduces both IL8 and IL1?. When the high concentrations of both IL1? and MIF were used in co-treatment, as a model of treatment resistant depression, we also demonstrate a reduction in neurogenesis, and that this is mediated via a decrease in IL4; moreover, co-treatment with high IL1? and MIF and the very high concentration of IL6 prevents the reduction in neurogenesis, and increases IL4.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that IL6 can exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory (potentially antidepressant) properties, depending on its concentrations and combinations with other inflammatory cytokines.

SUBMITTER: Borsini A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7745251 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of interleukin (IL6) in vitro: relevance for major depression and for human hippocampal neurogenesis.

Borsini Alessandra A Di Benedetto Maria Grazia MG Giacobbe Juliette J Pariante Carmine M CM

The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology 20200729

<h4>Background</h4>Although the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)6, has been generally regarded as "depressogenic", recent research has started to question this assumption, in light of the fact that this cytokine can also have anti-inflammatory properties. This bimodal action seems to be dependent on its concentration levels, and on the concomitant presence of other pro-inflammatory cytokines.<h4>Methods</h4>We exposed a human hippocampal progenitor cell line HPC0A07/03C to cytokine le ...[more]

PMID: 32726406

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Project description:Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can exert antidepressant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, but the exact molecular mechanism underlying their effects is still not fully understood. We conducted both in vitro and clinical investigations to test which EPA or DHA metabolites are involved in these anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and antidepressant effects. In vitro, we used the human hippocampal progenitor cell line HPC0A07/03C, and pre-treated cells with either EPA or DHA, followed by interleukin 1beta (IL1β), IL6 and interferon-alpha (IFN-α). Both EPA and DHA prevented the reduction in neurogenesis and the increase in apoptosis induced by these cytokines; moreover, these effects were mediated by the lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) EPA/DHA metabolites, 5-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), 4-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (HDHA), 18-HEPE, 20-HDHA, 17(18)-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (EpETE) and 19(20)-epoxydocosapentaenoic acid (EpDPA), detected here for the first time in human hippocampal neurones using mass spectrometry lipidomics of the supernatant. In fact, like EPA/DHA, co-treatment with these metabolites prevented cytokines-induced reduction in neurogenesis and apoptosis. Moreover, co-treatment with 17(18)-EpETE and 19(20)-EpDPA and the soluble epoxide hydroxylase (sEH) inhibitor, TPPU (which prevents their conversion into dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (DiHETE)/ dihydroxydocosapentaenoic acid (DiHDPA) metabolites) further enhanced their neurogenic and anti-apoptotic effects. Interestingly, these findings were replicated in a sample of n = 22 patients with a DSM-IV Major Depressive Disorder, randomly assigned to treatment with either EPA (3.0 g/day) or DHA (1.4 g/day) for 12 weeks, with exactly the same LOX and CYP450 lipid metabolites increased in the plasma of these patients following treatment with their precursor, EPA or DHA, and some evidence that higher levels of these metabolites were correlated with less severe depressive symptoms. Overall, our study provides the first evidence for the relevance of LOX- and CYP450-derived EPA/DHA bioactive lipid metabolites as neuroprotective molecular targets for human hippocampal neurogenesis and depression, and highlights the importance of sEH inhibitors as potential therapeutic strategy for patients suffering from depressive symptoms.

Dataset Information

Pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of interleukin (IL6) in vitro: relevance for major depression and for human hippocampal neurogenesis.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of interleukin (IL6) in vitro: relevance for major depression and for human hippocampal neurogenesis.

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