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Activation of skeletal muscle-resident glial cells upon nerve injury.

ABSTRACT: Here, we report on the identification of Itga7-expressing muscle-resident glial cells activated by loss of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) integrity. Gene expression analysis at the bulk and single-cell level revealed that these cells are distinct from Itga7-expressing muscle satellite cells. We show that a selective activation and expansion of Itga7+ glial cells occur in response to muscle nerve lesion. Upon activation, muscle glial-derived progenies expressed neurotrophic genes, including nerve growth factor receptor, which enables their isolation by FACS. We show that activated muscle glial cells also expressed genes potentially implicated in extracellular matrix remodeling at NMJs. We found that tenascin C, which was highly expressed by muscle glial cells, activated upon nerve injury and preferentially localized to NMJ. Interestingly, we observed that the activation of muscle glial cells by acute nerve injury was reversible upon NMJ repair. By contrast, in a mouse model of ALS, in which NMJ degeneration is progressive, muscle glial cells steadily increased over the course of the disease. However, they exhibited an impaired neurotrophic activity, suggesting that pathogenic activation of glial cells may be implicated in ALS progression.

SUBMITTER: Proietti D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8119188 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Skeletal muscle-derived cells have strong secretory function, while skeletal muscle-derived stem cells, which are included in muscle-derived cells, can differentiate into Schwann cell-like cells and other cell types. However, the effect of muscle-derived cells on peripheral nerve defects has not been reported. In this study, 5-mm-long nerve defects were created in the right sciatic nerves of mice to construct a peripheral nerve defect model. Adult female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups. For the muscle-derived cell group, muscle-derived cells were injected into the catheter after the cut nerve ends were bridged with a polyurethane catheter. For external oblique muscle-fabricated nerve conduit and polyurethane groups, an external oblique muscle-fabricated nerve conduit or polyurethane catheter was used to bridge the cut nerve ends, respectively. For the sham group, the sciatic nerves on the right side were separated but not excised. At 8 and 12 weeks post-surgery, distributions of axons and myelin sheaths were observed, and the nerve diameter was calculated using immunofluorescence staining. The number, diameter, and thickness of myelinated nerve fibers were detected by toluidine blue staining and transmission electron microscopy. Muscle fiber area ratios were calculated by Masson's trichrome staining of gastrocnemius muscle sections. Sciatic functional index was recorded using walking footprint analysis at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation. The results showed that, at 8 and 12 weeks after surgery, myelin sheaths and axons of regenerating nerves were evenly distributed in the muscle-derived cell group. The number, diameter, and myelin sheath thickness of myelinated nerve fibers, as well as gastrocnemius muscle wet weight and muscle area ratio, were significantly higher in the muscle-derived cell group compared with the polyurethane group. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-surgery, sciatic functional index was notably increased in the muscle-derived cell group compared with the polyurethane group. These criteria of the muscle-derived cell group were not significantly different from the external oblique muscle-fabricated nerve conduit group. Collectively, these data suggest that muscle-derived cells effectively accelerated peripheral nerve regeneration. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (approval No. 040) on September 28, 2016.

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Activation of skeletal muscle-resident glial cells upon nerve injury.

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