Dataset Information

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Based on the Spike Glycoprotein and Implications of New Viral Variants.

ABSTRACT: Coronavirus 19 Disease (COVID-19) originating in the province of Wuhan, China in 2019, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), whose infection in humans causes mild or severe clinical manifestations that mainly affect the respiratory system. So far, the COVID-19 has caused more than 2 million deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 contains the Spike (S) glycoprotein on its surface, which is the main target for current vaccine development because antibodies directed against this protein can neutralize the infection. Companies and academic institutions have developed vaccines based on the S glycoprotein, as well as its antigenic domains and epitopes, which have been proven effective in generating neutralizing antibodies. However, the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants could affect the effectiveness of vaccines. Here, we review the different types of vaccines designed and developed against SARS-CoV-2, placing emphasis on whether they are based on the complete S glycoprotein, its antigenic domains such as the receptor-binding domain (RBD) or short epitopes within the S glycoprotein. We also review and discuss the possible effectiveness of these vaccines against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

SUBMITTER: Martinez-Flores D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8311925 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Similar Datasets

Project description:The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mediates attachment of the virus to host cell receptor and fusion between the virus and cell membrane. The S1 subunit of the spike glycoprotein (S1 protein) contains the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor binding domain. The SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern contain mutations in the S1 subunit. The spike protein is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies generated following infection and constitutes the viral component of mRNA based COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, in this work we assessed the effect of exposure (24 hours) of 10 nM SARS-CoV-2 recombinant S1 protein on physiologically relevant human bronchial (bro) and alveolar (alv) lung mucosa models cultured at air-liquid interface (ALI) (n=6/experimental group). Corresponding sham exposed samples served as control. The bro-ALI model was developed using primary bronchial epithelial cells and the alv-ALI model using representative type II pneumocytes. Exposure of S1 protein induced the surface expression of ACE2, toll like receptor (TLR) 2, and TLR4 in both bro-ALI and alv-ALI models. Transcript expression analysis identified 117 (bro-ALI) and 97 (alv-ALI) differentially regulated genes (p< 0.01). Pathway analysis revealed enriched terms as specific as COVID-19, interferon (IFN) signaling, influenza, Corona virus, anti-viral response in the bro-ALI. Secreted levels of Interleukin (IL) 4 and IL12 were significantly (p<0.05; non-parametric) increased whereas IL6 decreased in the bro-ALI. In case of alv-ALI, enriched terms involving p53, APRIL, tight junction, integrin kinase, IL1 signaling were identified. These terms are associated with lung fibrosis. Further, significantly (p<0.05; non-parametric) increased levels of secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines IFNγ, IL1ꞵ, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12, IL13, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were detected in alv-ALI. Altered levels of these cytokines are also associated with lung fibrotic response. Taken together, we observed a typical anti-viral response in the bronchial model whereas a pro-fibrotic response in the alveolar model. Therefore the bro-ALI and alv-ALI models may serve as an easy and robust platform for assessing the pathogenicity of variants of concern at different lung regions.

Dataset Information

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Based on the Spike Glycoprotein and Implications of New Viral Variants.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets