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Flame Retardancy and Thermal Behavior of Wool Fabric Treated with a Phosphorus-Containing Polycarboxylic Acid.

ABSTRACT: The compound 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTCA) is an eco-friendly water treatment agent possessing flame-retardant phosphorus element and multi-carboxylic acid groups in its molecular structure. In the present work, PBTCA is employed as a finishing agent to improve the flame retardancy of the wool fabrics by the pad-dry-cure technique. The treated wool (10.2% weight gain) by 100 g/L of PBTCA showed an increased flame retardancy with a limiting oxygen index value (LOI) of 44% with a minimum char length of 40 mm. Importantly, the treated wool can self-extinguish after 30 washing cycles. The PBTCA-treated wool exhibited better stability with obviously increased char residue of 39.7% and 28.7% at 600 °C, while only 25.9% and 13.2% were measured for the control wool in nitrogen and air atmosphere, respectively. In addition, the high thermal stability of the treated wool with astonishing char-forming ability is confirmed by the SEM images of the wool after the isothermal heating treatment at different temperatures. Finally, a two-stage flame-retarding mechanism of enhanced crosslinking and char formability of PBTCA-treated wool is proposed and analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) and thermal (DSC and TGA) results of the pyrolytic volatiles of the treated wool.

SUBMITTER: Wang H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8659226 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:A novel organic-inorganic hybrid containing allyl benzoxazine and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) was synthesized by the thiol-ene (click) reaction. The benzoxazine (BOZ)-containing POSS (SPOSS-BOZ) copolymerized with benzoxazine/epoxy resin was used to prepare composites of SPOSS-PBZ-E nanocomposites(NPs). The polymerization behavior was monitored by FTIR and non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which showed that the composites had completely cured with multiple polymerization mechanisms according to the oxazine ring-opening and epoxy resin (EP) polymerization. The thermal properties of the organic-inorganic polybenzoxazine (PBZ) nanocomposites were analyzed by DSC and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the X-ray diffraction analysis and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of the SPOSS-PBZ-E nanocomposites indicated that SPOSS was chemically incorporated into the hybrid nanocomposites in the size range of 80-200 nm. The flame retardancy of the benzoxazine epoxy resin composites was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL 94 vertical burn test, and cone calorimeter tests. When the amount of SPOSS reached 10% or more, the vertical burning rating of the curing system arrived at V-1, and when the SPOSS-BOZ content reached 20 wt %, the thermal stability and flame retardancy of the material were both improved. Moreover, in the cone calorimeter testing, the addition of SPOSS-BOZ hindered the decomposition of the composites and led to a reduction in the peak heat release rate (pHRR), the average heat release rate (aHRR), and the total heat release (THR) values by about 20%, 25%, and 25%, respectively. The morphologies of the chars were also studied by SEM and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and the flame-retardant mechanism of POSS was mainly a condensed-phase flame retardant. The ceramic layer was formed by the enrichment of silicon on the char surface. When there are enough POSS nanoparticles, it can effectively protect the combustion of internal polymers.

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Flame Retardancy and Thermal Behavior of Wool Fabric Treated with a Phosphorus-Containing Polycarboxylic Acid.

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