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Cigarette smoking status alters dysbiotic gut microbes in hypertensive patients.

ABSTRACT: Smoking not only is one of the most important risk factors of hypertension (HTN), but also alters the composition of gut microbiota (GM) in previous studies. Although dysbiosis of GM has been implicated in HTN, how GM alters in patients with HTN under smoking status is still not clear. This study aimed to explore the difference in intestinal microflora among smokers with HTN (S-HTN), nonsmokers with HTN (NS-HTN), and smokers without HTN (S-CTR) and identify whether cigarette smoking led to disordered intestinal microbiota in patients with HTN. Metagenomic sequencing analysis of fecal specimens was conducted in nonsmokers without HTN (NS-CTR, n = 9), S-CTR (n = 9), NS-HTN (n = 18), and S-HTN (n = 23). Compared with S-CTR or NS-HTN, the GM in S-HTN was disordered, with lower microbial α-diversity and significant difference of β-diversity on axes as compared to S-CTR at genus and species level. The microbial enterotype in S-HTN was inclined to Prevotella-dominant type. Dramatic changes in the intestinal genera and species composition were observed in S-HTN, including reduced enrichment of Phycisphaera and Clostridium asparagiforme. Moreover, the intestinal function altered in S-HTN. Therefore, the findings of the present study revealed GM disorders in S-HTN and clarified the role of smoking in impairing the intestinal microbiome in HTN. Tobacco control is particularly important for improving GM in patients with HTN, and might be beneficial in preventing future cardiovascular events.

SUBMITTER: Wang P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8678690 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Objectives Substance use during pregnancy is a significant public health issue. Prenatal substance use increased in the past decade while prenatal cigarette smoking has remained stable. Co-use of tobacco and other drugs is a concern because of potential additive risks. This study aims to describe the prevalence rates of substance use among pregnant women and examine the association between smoking status (nonsmoker, recent quitter and current smoker) and other drug use. Methods In this cross-sectional study, pregnant women (n?=?500) were recruited from two obstetric practices to complete three substance use screeners and have their urine tested for 12 different drug classes, including cannabis, opioids and cocaine. Participants were divided into three groups based on survey responses: nonsmokers, recent quitters (smoked in the month prior to pregnancy but not past month) and current smokers (past-month). Results Approximately 29% of participants reported smoking in the month before pregnancy. During pregnancy, 17, 12 and 71% were current smokers, recent quitters and nonsmokers respectively. Overall prevalence of illicit or prescription drug use in pregnancy was 27%. Cannabis was the most common drug used in pregnancy with prevalence of 22%, followed by opioids (4%), cocaine (1%), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) (1%), amphetamines (1%), and benzodiazepines (1%). On multivariable logistic regression, smoking in pregnancy was associated with a positive urine drug screen; with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.7 (95% CI 2.6-8.3) for current smokers and 1.6 (95% CI 0.8-3.3) for recent quitters. Factors negatively associated with positive drug screen were second and third trimester pregnancies, 0.5 (0.3-0.9) and 0.3 (0.2-0.6) respectively; and employment, 0.5 (0.3-0.8). Conclusions for Practice Co-use of tobacco and illicit drugs, particularly cannabis, is relatively high during pregnancy. Additional research is needed to understand the health implications of co-use versus use of tobacco only. Given the strong association between smoking and other drug use, clinicians should routinely assess for illicit drug use in women who smoke during pregnancy.

Project description:Background: Cigarette smoking has been considered a modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Changes in gut microbiota and microbe-derived metabolites have been shown to influence atherosclerotic pathogenesis. However, the effect of cigarette smoking on the gut microbiome and serum metabolites in CAD remains unclear. Method: We profiled the gut microbiota and serum metabolites of 113 male participants with diagnosed CAD including 46 current smokers, 34 former smokers, and 33 never smokers by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics study. A follow-up study was conducted. PICRUSt2 was used for metagenomic functional prediction of important bacterial taxa. Results: In the analysis of the microbial composition, the current smokers were characterized with depleted Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Akkermansia muciniphila, and enriched Enterococcus faecium, Haemophilus parainfluenzae compared with the former and never smokers. In the untargeted serum metabolomic study, we observed and annotated 304 discriminant metabolites, uniquely including ceramides, acyl carnitines, and glycerophospholipids. Pathway analysis revealed a significantly changed sphingolipids metabolism related to cigarette smoking. However, the change of the majority of the discriminant metabolites is possibly reversible after smoking cessation. While performing PICRUSt2 metagenomic prediction, several key enzymes (wbpA, nadM) were identified to possibly explain the cross talk between gut microbiota and metabolomic changes associated with smoking. Moreover, the multi-omics analysis revealed that specific changes in bacterial taxa were associated with disease severity or outcomes by mediating metabolites such as glycerophospholipids. Conclusions: Our results indicated that both the gut microbiota composition and metabolomic profile of current smokers are different from that of never smokers. The present study may provide new insights into understanding the heterogenic influences of cigarette smoking on atherosclerotic pathogenesis by modulating gut microbiota as well as circulating metabolites.

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Cigarette smoking status alters dysbiotic gut microbes in hypertensive patients.

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