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Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis: A possible causative agent in human morbidity and risk to public health safety.

ABSTRACT: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is a bacterial parasite and the causative agent of paratuberculosis, a disease predominately found in cattle and sheep. Infection with this microorganism results in substantial farming economic losses and animal morbidity. The link between infection with this pathogen and human disease has been theorised for many years with Crohn's disease being one of many suspected resultant conditions. Mycobacterium avium may be spread from animal to human hosts by water and foodborne transmission routes, where the foodborne route of exposure represents a significant risk for susceptible populations, namely children and the immune-compromised. Following colonisation of the host, the parasitic organism evades the host immune system by use of molecular mimicry, displaying peptide sequences similar to that of the host cells causing a disruption of self-verses non self-recognition. Theoretically, this failure to recognise the invading organism as distinct from host cells may result in numerous autoimmune conditions. Here, the author presents current information assessing the link between numerous diseases states in humans such inflammatory bowel disease, Type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Hashimoto\'s thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis and autism following infection with Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis. The possibility of zoonotic transmission of the organism and its significant risk to public health safety as a consequence is also discussed.

SUBMITTER: Garvey M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5987349 | biostudies-other | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis: A possible causative agent in human morbidity and risk to public health safety.

Garvey Mary M

Open veterinary journal 20180519 2

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is a bacterial parasite and the causative agent of paratuberculosis, a disease predominately found in cattle and sheep. Infection with this microorganism results in substantial farming economic losses and animal morbidity. The link between infection with this pathogen and human disease has been theorised for many years with Crohn's disease being one of many suspected resultant conditions. Mycobacterium avium may be spread from animal ...[more]

PMID: 29911021

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Project description:BackgroundAntibiotic therapy targeting chronic mycobacterial disease is often ineffective due to problems with the emergence of drug resistance and non-replicating persistent intracellular antibiotic resistant phenotypes. Strategies which include agents able to enhance host cell killing mechanisms could represent an alternative to conventional methods with the potential for host clearance if active against dormant phenotypes. Investigations of agents with potential activity against non-replicating mycobacteria however are restricted due to a need for assays that can assess bacterial viability without having to culture.ResultsThis study describes the development and use of a pre16S ribosomal gene RNA/DNA ratio viability assay which is independent of the need for culture, supported by a novel thin layer accelerated mycobacterial colony forming method for determining viability and culturability of MAP in intracellular environments. We describe the use of these tools to demonstrate intracellular killing activity of a novel rhodanine agent (D157070) against the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and show that the culturability of MAP decreases relative to its viability on intracellular entry suggesting the induction of a non-culturable phenotype. We further demonstrate that D157070, although having no direct activity against the culturability of extracellular MAP, can bind to cultured MAP cells and has significant influence on the MAP transcriptome, particularly with respect of delta(L )associated genes. D157070 is shown to be taken up by bovine and human cells and able to enhance host cell killing, as measured by significant decreases in both culturability and viability of intracellular MAP.ConclusionsThis work suggests that pre16srRNA gene ratios represent a viable method for studying MAP viability. In addition, the rhodanine agent D157070 tested is non-toxic and enhances cell killing activity against both growing and latent MAP phenotypes.

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Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis: A possible causative agent in human morbidity and risk to public health safety.

Publications

<i>Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis</i>: A possible causative agent in human morbidity and risk to public health safety.

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Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis: A possible causative agent in human morbidity and risk to public health safety.

Publications

&lt;i&gt;Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis&lt;/i&gt;: A possible causative agent in human morbidity and risk to public health safety.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

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<i>Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis</i>: A possible causative agent in human morbidity and risk to public health safety.