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Postnatal expression of the lysine methyltransferase SETD1B is essential for learning and the regulation of neuron-enriched genes

ABSTRACT: In mammals histone 3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me) is mediated by six different lysine methyltransferases. Amongst these enzymes, SETD1B (SET domain containing 1b) has been linked to syndromic intellectual disability in human subjects, but its role in the mammalian postnatal brain has not been studied yet. Here, we employ mice deficient for Setd1b in excitatory neurons of the postnatal forebrain, and combine neuron-specific ChIP-seq and RNA-seq approaches to elucidate its role in neuronal gene expression. We observe that Setd1b controls the expression of a set of genes with a broad H3K4me3 peak at their promoters, enriched for neuron-specific genes linked to learning and memory function. Comparative analyses in mice with conditional deletion of Kmt2a and Kmt2b histone methyltransferases show that SETD1B plays a more pronounced and potent role in regulating such genes. Moreover, postnatal loss of Setd1b leads to severe learning impairment, suggesting that SETD1B-dependent regulation of H3K4me levels in postnatal neurons is critical for cognitive function.

SUBMITTER: Mrs. Alexandra Michurina

PROVIDER: S-SCDT-EMBOJ-2020-106459 | biostudies-other |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Postnatal expression of the lysine methyltransferase SETD1B is essential for learning and the regulation of neuron-enriched genes.

Project description:In mammals, histone 3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me) is mediated by six different lysine methyltransferases. Among these enzymes, SETD1B (SET domain containing 1b) has been linked to syndromic intellectual disability in human subjects, but its role in the mammalian postnatal brain has not been studied yet. Here, we employ mice deficient for Setd1b in excitatory neurons of the postnatal forebrain, and combine neuron-specific ChIP-seq and RNA-seq approaches to elucidate its role in neuronal gene expression. We observe that Setd1b controls the expression of a set of genes with a broad H3K4me3 peak at their promoters, enriched for neuron-specific genes linked to learning and memory function. Comparative analyses in mice with conditional deletion of Kmt2a and Kmt2b histone methyltransferases show that SETD1B plays a more pronounced and potent role in regulating such genes. Moreover, postnatal loss of Setd1b leads to severe learning impairment, suggesting that SETD1B-dependent regulation of H3K4me levels in postnatal neurons is critical for cognitive function.

| S-EPMC8724770 | biostudies-literature

Postnatal SETD1B is essential for learning and the regulation of neuronal plasticity genes

Project description:We have analyzed changes in histone 3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me3 and H3K4me1), histone acetylation (H3K9ac and H3K27ac) and gene expression resulting from Setd1b knockdown in adult hippocampal CA neurons in mice. We implemented Cre/loxP-mediated conditional knockout strategy in order to knockdown this histone methyltransferase in excitatory forebrain neurons in adult mice.

2021-09-16 | GSE180326 | GEO

Postnatal SETD1B is essential for learning and the regulation of neuronal plasticity genes [WT scRNA-seq]

Project description:Histone 3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me) is mediated by six different lysine methyltransferases. Amongst these enzymes SET domain containing 1b (SETD1B) has been linked to syndromic intellectual disability but its role in the postnatal brain has not been studied yet. Here we employ mice that lack Setd1b from excitatory neurons of the postnatal forebrain and combine neuron-specific ChIP-seq and RNA-seq approaches to elucidate its role in neuronal gene expression. We observe that SETD1B controls the expression of genes with a broad H3K4me3 peak at their promoters that represent neuronal enriched genes linked to learning and memory function. Comparative analysis to corresponding data from conditional Kmt2a and Kmt2b knockout mice suggests that this function is specific to SETD1B. Moreover, postnatal loss of Setd1b leads to severe learning impairment, suggesting that SETD1B-mediated regulation of H3K4me levels in postnatal neurons is critical for cognitive function.

2021-12-17 | GSE185182 | GEO

Dual function of histone H3 lysine 36 methyltransferase ASH1 in regulation of Hox gene expression.

Project description:Hox genes play important roles in haematopoietic development in mammals. ASH1 is a member of the trithorax group (trxG) that is required for proper expression of Hox genes and is preferentially expressed in haematopoietic stem cells. We have recently reported that ASH1 methylates histone H3 at lysine 36 (K36) but its biological function has remained elusive. Here we show that ASH1 regulates Hox gene expression positively and negatively in a leukemic cell line K562 and is required for myelomonocytic differentiation of murine haematopoietic stem cells. ASH1 binds to endogenous Hox loci in K562 cells and its knockdown causes reduced expression of Hox genes. In addition, ASH1 and MLL1 induce more than 100-fold activation of Hox promoters in HeLa cells if expressed simultaneously but not individually. Notably, ASH1 harbouring a point mutation that kills methyltransferase activity is more efficient than wild type ASH1 in Hox gene activation, indicating that K36 methylation is not a prerequisite for Hox gene expression. Moreover, tethering wild type or catalytically inactive methyltransferase domain of ASH1 to a heterologous promoter causes downregulation or upregulation, respectively, of transcription, supporting a hypothesis that K36 methylation imparts repression. Knockdown of ASH1 in K562 cells in vitro causes increased expression of ?-globin gene and reduced expression of myelomonocytic markers GPIIb and GPIIIa, whereas knockdown of ASH1 in murine haematopoietic stem cells in vivo results in decreased number of macrophages and granulocytes, a phenotype similar to that induced by loss of mll1 function. Taken together, our data suggest that ASH1 and MLL1 synergize in activation of Hox genes and thereby regulate development of myelomonocytic lineages from haematopoietic stem cells.

| S-EPMC3225378 | biostudies-literature

Postnatal SETD1B is essential for learning and the regulation of neuronal plasticity genes

Project description:Postnatal SETD1B is essential for learning and the regulation of neuronal plasticity genes

| PRJNA747832 | ENA

Regulation of estrogen receptor alpha by the SET7 lysine methyltransferase.

Project description:Estrogen receptor alpha (ER) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor. Upon binding estrogen, ER recruits coactivator complexes with histone acetyltransferase or methyltransferase activities to activate downstream target genes. In addition to histones, coactivators can modify ER itself and other proteins in the transactivation complex. Here, we show that ER is directly methylated at lysine 302 (K302) by the SET7 methyltransferase. SET7-mediated methylation stabilizes ER and is necessary for the efficient recruitment of ER to its target genes and for their transactivation. The SET7-ER complex structure reveals the molecular basis for ER peptide recognition and predicts that modifications or mutations of nearby residues would affect K302 methylation. Indeed, a breast cancer-associated mutation at K303 (K303R) alters methylation at K302 in vitro and in vivo. These findings raise the possibility that generation, recognition, and removal of modifications within the ER hinge region generate "ER modification cassettes" that yield distinct patterns for signaling downstream events.

| S-EPMC2567917 | biostudies-literature

A histone H4 lysine 20 methyltransferase couples environmental cues to sensory neuron control of developmental plasticity.

Project description:Animals change developmental fates in response to external cues. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, unfavorable environmental conditions induce a state of diapause known as dauer by inhibiting the conserved DAF-2 insulin-like signaling (ILS) pathway through incompletely understood mechanisms. We have previously established a role for the C. elegans dosage compensation protein DPY-21 in the control of dauer arrest and DAF-2 ILS. Here, we show that the histone H4 lysine 20 methyltransferase SET-4, which also influences dosage compensation, promotes dauer arrest in part by repressing the X-linked ins-9 gene, which encodes a new agonist insulin-like peptide (ILP) expressed specifically in the paired ASI sensory neurons that are required for dauer bypass. ins-9 repression in dauer-constitutive mutants requires DPY-21, SET-4 and the FoxO transcription factor DAF-16, which is the main target of DAF-2 ILS. By contrast, autosomal genes encoding major agonist ILPs that promote reproductive development are not repressed by DPY-21, SET-4 or DAF-16/FoxO. Our results implicate SET-4 as a sensory rheostat that reinforces developmental fates in response to environmental cues by modulating autocrine and paracrine DAF-2 ILS.

| S-EPMC5399626 | biostudies-literature

Methyltransferase Set7/9 maintains transcription and euchromatin structure at islet-enriched genes.

Project description:The activation of beta-cell genes, particularly of those encoding preproinsulin, requires an appropriate euchromatin (or "open") DNA template characterized by hypermethylation of Lys4 of histone H3. We hypothesized that this modification is maintained in islet beta-cells by the action of the histone methyltransferase Set7/9.To identify the role of Set7/9, we characterized its expression pattern and gene regulation and studied its function using RNA interference in both cell lines and primary mouse islets.Within the pancreas, Set7/9 protein shows striking specificity for islet cells, including alpha- and beta-cells, as well as occasional cells within ducts. Consistent with these findings, the Set7/9 gene promoter contained an islet-specific enhancer located between -5,768 and -6,030 base pairs (relative to the transcriptional start site) that exhibited Pdx1-responsive activation in beta-cells. To study Set7/9 function, we depleted insulinoma cells and primary mouse islets of Set7/9 protein using siRNA. Following siRNA treatment, we observed striking repression of genes involved in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, including Ins1/2, Glut2, and MafA. These changes in transcription were accompanied by loss of dimethylated H3 Lys4 and RNA polymerase II recruitment, particularly at the Ins1/2 and Glut2 genes. Consistent with these data, depletion of Set7/9 in islets led to defects in glucose-stimulated Ca(2+) mobilization and insulin secretion.We conclude that Set7/9 is required for normal beta-cell function, likely through the maintenance of euchromatin structure at genes necessary for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.

| S-EPMC2606870 | biostudies-other

Protein lysine methyltransferase SMYD3 is involved in tumorigenesis through regulation of HER2 homodimerization.

Project description:HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase, which is amplified and overexpressed in a subset of human cancers including breast and gastric cancers, and is indicated in its involvement in progression of cancer. Although its specific ligand(s) has not been detected, HER2 homodimerization, which is critical for its activation, is considered to be dependent on its expression levels. Here, we demonstrate a significant role of HER2 methylation by protein lysine methyltransferase SMYD3 in HER2 homodimerization. We found that SMYD3 trimethylates HER2 protein at lysine 175. HER2 homodimerization was enhanced in the presence of SMYD3, and substitution of lysine 175 of HER2 with alanine (HER2-K175A) reduced the formation of HER2 homodimers. Furthermore, HER2-K175A revealed lower level of autophosphorylation than wild-type HER2. We also identified that knockdown of SMYD3 attenuated this autophosphorylation in breast cancer cells. Our results imply that SMYD3-mediated methylation of HER2 at Lysine 175 may regulate the formation of HER2 homodimer and subsequent autophosphorylation and suggest that the SMYD3-mediated methylation pathway seems to be a good target for development of novel anti-cancer therapy.

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Novel Function of Lysine Methyltransferase G9a in the Regulation of Sox2 Protein Stability.

Project description:G9a is a lysine methyltransferase (KMTase) for histone H3 lysine 9 that plays critical roles in a number of biological processes. Emerging evidence suggests that aberrant expression of G9a contributes to tumor metastasis and maintenance of a malignant phenotype in cancer by inducing epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes. Here, we show that G9a regulates Sox2 protein stability in breast cancer cells. When G9a lysine methyltransferase activity was chemically inhibited in the ER(+) breast cancer cell line MCF7, Sox2 protein levels were decreased. In addition, ectopic overexpression of G9a induced accumulation of Sox2. Changes in cell migration, invasion, and mammosphere formation by MCF7 cells were correlated with the activity or expression level of G9a. Ectopic expression of G9a also increased Sox2 protein levels in another ER(+) breast cancer cell line, ZR-75-1, whereas it did not affect Sox2 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells, an ER(-) breast cancer cell line, or in glioblastoma cell lines. Furthermore, treatment of mouse embryonic stem cells with a KMT inhibitor, BIX-01294, resulted in a rapid reduction in Sox2 protein expression despite increased Sox2 transcript levels. This finding suggests that G9a has a novel function in the regulation of Sox2 protein stability in a cell type-dependent manner.

| S-EPMC4619656 | biostudies-literature

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