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Smooth muscle-derived progenitor cell myofibroblast differentiation through KLF4 downregulation promotes arterial remodeling and fibrosis

ABSTRACT: Resident vascular adventitial SCA1(+) progenitor (AdvSca1) cells are essential in vascular development and injury. However, the heterogeneity of AdvSca1 cells presents a unique challenge in understanding signaling pathways orchestrating their behavior in homeostasis and injury responses. Using smooth muscle cell (SMC) lineage tracing models, we identified a subpopulation of AdvSca1 cells (AdvSca1-SM) originating from mature SMCs that undergo reprogramming in situ and exhibit a multipotent phenotype. Here we employed lineage tracing and RNA sequencing to define the signaling pathways regulating SMC-to-AdvSca1-SM cell reprogramming and AdvSca1-SM progenitor cell phenotype. Unbiased hierarchical clustering revealed that genes related to hedgehog/WNT/beta-catenin signaling are significantly enriched in AdvSca1-SM cells, emphasizing the importance of this signaling axis in the reprogramming event. Leveraging AdvSca1-SM-specific expression of Gli1, we generated Gli1-CreERT2-ROSA26-YFP reporter mice to selectively track AdvSca1-SM cells. We demonstrated that physiologically relevant vascular injury or AdvSca1-SM cell-specific Klf4 depletion facilitated the proliferation and differentiation of AdvSca1-SM cells to a pro-fibrotic myofibroblast phenotype rather than macrophages. Surprisingly, AdvSca1-SM cells selectively contributed to adventitial remodeling and fibrosis, but little to neointima formation. Together, these findings strongly support therapeutics aimed at preserving the AdvSca1-SM cell phenotype as a viable anti-fibrotic approach.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE145569 | GEO | 2020/02/20

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) display dynamic plasticity by changing phenotype under various pathophysiological conditions. Uncovering how SMCs regulate their phenotype is a key to understanding the molecular mechanisms of a number of gastrointestinal diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), generated in cells by Dicer, have been identified as regulators of the differentiation state of SMCs. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of miRNAs during the development of gastrointestinal SMCs in a transgenic animal model. We generated SMC-specific Dicer (smDicer) null animals that express the reporter, green fluorescence protein (eGFP), in a SMC-specific manner. eGFP labeled SMCs were used for morphological, cytometric and genetic studies of smDicer null mutant and wild type control mice. The structure of the bowel wall was examined by confocal microscopy, and function was evaluated by recording spontaneous and evoked contractions. SMCs were purified with fluorescence-activated cell sorting and SM specific gene expression studies were performed with genechip arrays, PCR and quantitative PCR. Bioinformatic analyses were used to characterize the interaction between miRNAs and target genes. SMC-specific knockout of Dicer prevented SMC miRNA biogenesis, causing dramatic changes in phenotype, function, and global gene expression in SMCs. Profiling and bioinformatic analyses showed SMC phenotype is regulated by a complex network of positive and negative feedback by SM miRNAs, serum response factor (SRF), and other transcriptional factors. SM miRNAs play an important role in growth, development and survival of SMCs. Phenotypic changes of SMCs may be regulated through multiple pathways in an interaction network of SM miRNAs, SRF, and additional transcriptional factors. We used microarrays to identify genetic changes during the development of gastric smooth muscle cells in the smDicer null mice. Mouse mRNA microarrays were performed on GeneChipÂ® Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Arrays (Affymetrix). Total RNAs isolated from the jejunal muscularis of the smDicer knockout (KO) and the wild type (WT) control mice at the ages of ~3 weeks were used for the arrays. The cDNA synthesis, hybridization, cDNA labeling, and scanning were performed. Gene expression between the smDicer KO and the WT controls were compared.

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Smooth muscle-derived progenitor cell myofibroblast differentiation through KLF4 downregulation promotes arterial remodeling and fibrosis

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