A low sugar diet enhances Drosophila body size in males and females via sex-specific mechanisms
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Drosophila melanogaster
PROVIDER: GSE198435 | GEO | 2022/03/14
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:A low sugar diet enhances Drosophila body size in males and females via sex-specific mechanisms
| PRJNA815294 | ENA
Project description:In Drosophila, changes to dietary protein elicit different body size responses between the sexes. Whether these differential body size effects extend to other macronutrients remains unclear. Here, we show that lowering dietary sugar (0S diet) enhanced body size in male and female larvae. Despite an equivalent phenotypic effect between the sexes, we detected sex-specific changes to signalling pathways, transcription and whole-body glycogen and protein. In males, the low-sugar diet augmented insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway (IIS) activity by increasing insulin sensitivity, where increased IIS was required for male metabolic and body size responses in 0S. In females reared on low sugar, IIS activity and insulin sensitivity were unaffected, and IIS function did not fully account for metabolic and body size responses. Instead, we identified a female-biased requirement for the Target of rapamycin pathway in regulating metabolic and body size responses. Together, our data suggest the mechanisms underlying the low-sugar-induced increase in body size are not fully shared between the sexes, highlighting the importance of including males and females in larval studies even when similar phenotypic outcomes are observed.
| S-EPMC10656461 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Male seahorses (genus Hippocampus) provide all post-fertilization parental care, yet despite high levels of paternal investment, these species have long been thought to have conventional sex roles, with female mate choice and male-male competition. Recent studies of the pot-bellied seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) have shown that sex-role reversal occurs in high-density female-biased populations, indicating that male mating preferences may lead to sexual selection on females in this species. Egg size, egg number, and offspring size all correlate positively with female body size in Hippocampus, and by choosing large mating partners, male seahorses may increase their reproductive success. While male brood size is also positively correlated with body size, small H. abdominalis males can carry exceptionally large broods, suggesting that the fecundity benefits of female preference for large partners may be limited. We investigated the importance of body size in reproductive decisions of H. abdominalis, presenting focal individuals of both sexes with potential mating partners of different sizes. Mating preferences were quantified in terms of time spent courting each potential partner. Male seahorses were highly active throughout the mate-choice trials and showed a clear behavioral preference for large partners, while females showed significantly lower levels of activity and equivocal mating preferences. The strong male preferences for large females demonstrated here suggest that sexual selection may act strongly on female body size in wild populations of H. abdominalis, consistent with predictions on the importance of female body size for reproductive output in this species.
| S-EPMC2714888 | biostudies-other
Project description:Most species are believed to evolve larger body sizes over evolutionary time. Previous studies have suggested that sexual selection, through male-male competition and female choice, favors larger males. However, there is little evidence of selection against large size. The female serrate-legged small treefrogs (Philautus odontotarsus) must carry passive males from leks to breeding grounds over relatively long distances after amplexus to find a suitable place to lay eggs. The costs of large male size may therefore decrease mating success due to reduced agility and/or higher energy requirements. Thus, we hypothesized that selection would not favor larger males in P. odontotarsus. Females can assess male body size on the basis of the dominant frequency of male calls in frogs. To assess female P. odontotarsus preferences for a potential mate's body size, male calls of high, average and low dominant frequency were played back to the females in phonotaxis experiments. Results showed that most females prefer the advertisement call with average dominant frequency. In addition, we compared the body mass distribution of amplectant males with that of single males in nature. The body masses of amplectant males are more narrowly distributed in the intermediate range than that of single males. The phonotaxis results and the data of actual female preferences in the field show that females strongly prefer potential mates of mean body sizes, consistent with the view that, in this species at least, larger males are not always perceived as better by females. In the present study, P. odontotarsus provides an example of an amphibian species in which large size does not have an advantage in mating success for males. Instead, our results provide evidences that stabilizing selection favors the optimal intermediate size of males.
| S-EPMC4762700 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Drosophila melanogaster larvae reared on isocaloric diets with different protein/sugar ratios, exhibit different developmental times and the eclosed adults show different metabolite pools of glycogen and triglycerides (Matzkin et al., 2011, PMID: 21525254). To investigate the effect of larval diet on adult neurological processes at the gene expression level we performed high throughout RNA sequencing of fly heads reared in two different protein/sugar ratio diets.
2017-06-03 | GSE82245 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: NGS was used to determine if a distinct transcriptomic profile is observed among the experimental mice fed four different dietary components. Methods: We carried out RNA-Seq analysis of ileum tissue from 6 weeks male mice ad libitum fed for 10 weeks a high liquid sugar (23% (w/v)) or/and high fat (60% Kcal from fat) diet. The combined effect of sugar drink and high fat diet (HF-Sugar) was compared with sugar drink only (NF-Sugar), or high fat diet only (HF), or control diet that was plain water and normal fat diet (NF). Results: RNA-Seq revealed sample-specific clusters that included genes responding to each experimental diet. We found only addition of sugar drink to high fat group (HF-Sugar) not NF-Sugar and HF, there was a significant enrichment in biological functions relating to Inflammatory/Immune Responses, especially including dendritic cell (DC) and T cell related signaling pathway. Conclusions: Taken together, our data demonstrate that sugar drink synergistically promotes and exacerbates inflammatory responses driven by the high fat diet.
2021-11-25 | GSE140972 | GEO
Project description:Driven by findings that exposure to a high sugar diet reduced taste sensation in Drosophila, we performed RNA-seq on isolated proboscis tissue from animals that had either received a sugar diet or a control diet. Subsequently, we also profiled expression of animals expressing an RNAi construct to knock down OGT transcript levels in Gr5a+ neurons.
2019-06-20 | GSE113159 | GEO
Project description:Rats were fed either a control diet or high fat and refined sugar (HFS) diet and hippocampus was resected for proteomic analysis
2012-09-14 | PXD000028 | Pride
Project description:High sugar consumption, as well as high-fat diet, is a known cause of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, the synergistic effect of high-sugar and high-fat consumption rarely has been evaluated, especially in terms of transcriptional regulation. Therefore, we focused on the effect of high sugar consumption on hepatic transcriptional networks in normal and high fat-fed mice. C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups and were provided either 23%(w/v) sugar solution or plain water with either high-fat or normal-fat diet for 10 weeks. As a result, high sugar consumption significantly altered lipid metabolism-related genes in normal fat-fed mice; however, in high fat-fed mice, high sugar consumption altered inflammation-responsive genes rather than lipid metabolism. After all, these modulations eventually increased lipid accumulation in the liver and caused systemic metabolic disturbances. These observations for the first time suggested that high sugar consumption along with high-fat diet could lead to the development of severe metabolic syndrome via altering hepatic transcriptional networks.
2017-01-01 | GSE70477 | GEO
Project description:Feeding on high sugar diet reprograms metabolism, partially mediated through a gene regulatory network controlled by intracellular sugar sensor Mondo/ChREBP-Mlx. Sugar-induced gene expression changes include activation of genes encoding enzymes of glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathways, and de novo lipogenesis, collectively driving the flux of sugar-derived carbon into triacylglycerides. These sugar-induced metabolic changes are likely to trigger compensatory responses to avoid depletion of necessary metabolites, but they remain poorly characterized. Through a global temporal clustering analysis of sugar-induced gene expression in Drosophila we identify new gene expression programs controlled by sugar feeding. These include rapid and transient downregulation of ribosome biogenesis genes, known targets of transcription factor Myc. Through in silico motif predictions and experimental validation, we identify transcriptional repressor Clockwork orange (CWO) as a mediator of this response. CWO expression is directly activated by Mondo-Mlx and it counteracts Myc through repression of its expression as well as through binding to overlapping regulatory regions of ribosome biogenesis genes. Loss of CWO function leads to depletion of UDP-GlcNAc pools and impaired viability on high sugar diet. Analysis of CWO orthologs, BHLHE40 and BHLHE41, in mouse hepatocytes revealed a conserved role for BHLHE41 in repressing ribosome biogenesis genes. Collectively, our data uncover a gene regulatory circuit balancing the activities of lipid and protein biosynthesis to maintain homeostasis during high sugar feeding.
2023-06-01 | GSE207198 | GEO