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A role of PSK-CPK28-GS2 signalling in optimizing growth and defence in tomato

ABSTRACT: Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a plant pentapeptide hormone that fulfills a wide range of functions. Although it has been frequently reported to function in the inverse regulation of growth and defence in response to (hemi)biotrophic pathogens, the mechanism involved remains largely unknown. Using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 pathogen as a system, we present compelling evidence that the tomato PSK receptor PSKR1 interacts with the calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK28, which phosphorylates the key enzyme of nitrogen assimilation glutamine synthetase GS2 at two sites (S334 and S360 sites). These post translational modifications uncouple the two PSK-induced effects on defence responses and on growth regulation, respectively. The discovery of these sites will inform breeding strategies designed to optimize the growth-defence balance. The concept that such peptide hormones can regulate plant growth and resistance in a compatible manner is attractive, not least because crop yields and fitness can be optimized simultaneously in global climate-change era.

ORGANISM(S): Solanum lycopersicum

PROVIDER: GSE214787 | GEO | 2023/02/28

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:BACKGROUND: The tomato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli Šulc (Hemiptera: Triozidae), is a pest of solanaceous crops such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in the U.S. and vectors the disease-causing pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’. Currently, the only effective strategies for controlling the diseases associated with this pathogen involve regular pesticide applications to manage psyllid population density. However, such practices are unsustainable and will eventually lead to widespread pesticide resistance in psyllids. Therefore, new control strategies must be developed to increase host-plant resistance to insect vectors. For example, expression of constitutive and inducible plant defenses can be improved through selection. Currently, it is still unknown whether psyllid infestation has any lasting consequences on tomato plant defense or tomato plant gene expression in general. RESULTS: To characterize the genes putatively involved in tomato defense against psyllid infestation, RNA was extracted from psyllid-infested and uninfested tomato leaves (Moneymaker) three weeks post-infestation. Transcriptome analysis identified 362 differentially expressed genes. These differentially expressed genes were primarily associated with defense responses to abiotic/biotic stress, transcription/translation, cellular signaling/transport, and photosynthesis. These gene expression changes suggested that tomato plants underwent a reduction in plant growth/health in exchange for improved defense against stress that was observable three weeks after psyllid infestation. Consistent with these observations, tomato plant growth experiments determined that the plants were shorter three weeks after psyllid infestation. Furthermore, psyllid nymphs had lower survival rates on tomato plants that had been previously psyllid infested. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that psyllid infestation has lasting consequences for tomato gene expression, defense, and growth.

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A role of PSK-CPK28-GS2 signalling in optimizing growth and defence in tomato

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