Analysis of gene expression in pancreatic beta-cells of NOD mice
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE235670 | GEO | 2023/07/03
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:We investigated the pancreatic beta cell proteome changes in NOD-LIRKO vesus NOD where beta cell mass was enhanced early in life. Proteomics data is derived from FACS-sorted beta cells at 8 weeks and 12 weeks.
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Project description:Emerging evidence points towards an intricate relationship between the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and diabetes. While diabetes is associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19, new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been observed in COVID-19 patients, convoluting diabetes as both a risk factor and consequence of COVID-19. Understanding the mechanistic relationship between COVID-19 and T1D is an urgent and critical public health challenge. One pressing question is whether insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells can be infected by SARS-CoV-2, as T1D is a direct consequence of β-cell depletion. Here, we find that the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2 and its related entry factors, TMPRSS2, NRP1, and TRFC, are expressed in β-cells, with the latter two selectively present within β-cells. We discover that SARS-CoV-2 has selective cellular tropism for human pancreatic β-cells both ex vivo and in patients with COVID-19. We demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection lowers the abundance of insulin within the pancreas, attenuates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and induces β-cell apoptosis. Finally, phosphoproteomic and pathway analysis suggests a SARS-CoV-2 stimulated signature for induction of apoptosis-associated signaling pathways in β-cells, similar to that seen in T1D. Taken together, our study demonstrates that SARS- CoV-2 can directly cause pancreatic islet impairment by killing β-cells, providing a mechanistic explanation for why T1D develops in COVID-19 patients.
2021-07-24 | PXD025629 | Pride
Project description:Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a polygenic autoimmune disorder caused by autoreactive T cells that recognize pancreatic islet antigens and subsequently destroy insulin-producing β-cells. Pancreatic lymph nodes (PLN) are an essential site for the development of T1D, where tolerance to pancreatic self-antigens is first broken and the autoimmune responses are amplified. The purpose of this study was to identify candidate genes and pathways in the PLN that may contribute to the pathogenesis of T1D using a mouse model of T1D.
2015-03-09 | GSE66658 | GEO
Project description:Insulin-secreting β cells and glucagon-secreting α cells maintain physiological blood glucose levels, and their malfunction drives diabetes development. Using ChIP sequencing and RNA sequencing analysis, we determined the epigenetic and transcriptional landscape of human pancreatic α, β, and exocrine cells. We found that, compared with exocrine and β cells, differentiated α cells exhibited many more genes bivalently marked by the activating H3K4me3 and repressing H3K27me3 histone modifications. This was particularly true for β cell signature genes involved in transcriptional regulation. Remarkably, thousands of these genes were in a monovalent state in β cells, carrying only the activating or repressing mark. Our epigenomic findings suggested that α to β cell reprogramming could be promoted by manipulating the histone methylation signature of human pancreatic islets. Indeed, we show that treatment of cultured pancreatic islets with a histone methyltransferase inhibitor leads to colocalization of both glucagon and insulin and glucagon and insulin promoter factor 1 (PDX1) in human islets and colocalization of both glucagon and insulin in mouse islets. Thus, mammalian pancreatic islet cells display cell-type–specific epigenomic plasticity, suggesting that epigenomic manipulation could provide a path to cell reprogramming and novel cell replacement-based therapies for diabetes. Pancreatic islets were collected post-mortem from 6 human donors and subjected to FACS to separate populations of alpha, beta, and exocrine cells. Depending on the availability of resulting material, sorted islet cell populations were used for H3K4me3, H3K27me3 ChIP-seq, or RNA-seq analysis. All ChIP-seq samples have a corresponding input from the same sample.
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Project description:Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a polygenic autoimmune disorder caused by autoreactive T cells that recognize pancreatic islet antigens and subsequently destroy insulin-producing β-cells. Pancreatic lymph nodes (PLN) are an essential site for the development of T1D, where tolerance to pancreatic self-antigens is first broken and the autoimmune responses are amplified. The purpose of this study was to identify candidate genes and pathways in the PLN that may contribute to the pathogenesis of T1D using a mouse model of T1D. Genome-wide gene expression was measured in individual NOD PLN at 10 days (n=6), 4 weeks (n=6) or 12 weeks of age (n=5), against a pooled sample of age-matched NOD.B10 PLN as the control (n≥6), using Agilent Whole Mouse Genome Microarrays.
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Project description:Pancreatic β-cells are responsible for production and secretion of insulin in response to increasing blood glucose levels. Therefore, defects in pancreatic β-cell function lead to hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing β cell function is crucial for development of novel treatment strategies for this disease. The aim of this project was to investigate the role of Cnot3, part of CCR4-NOT complex, major deadenylase complex in mammals, in pancreatic β cell function. Cnot3βKO islets display decreased expression of key regulators of β cell maturation and function. Moreover, they show an increase of progenitor cell markers, β cell-disallowed genes and genes relevant to altered β cell function. Cnot3βKO islets exhibit altered deadenylation and increased mRNA stability, partly accounting for the increase of those genes. Together, these data reveal that CNOT3-mediated mRNA deadenylation and decay constitute previously unsuspected post-transcriptional mechanisms essential for β cell identity.
2020-08-31 | PXD018403 | Pride
Project description:To gain insights into how pancreatic beta-cells are programmed in vivo, we profiled key histone methylations (H3K4/K27me3) in embryonic stem cells, multipotent progenitors of the nascent embryonic pancreas, purified beta-cells, and 10 other adult tissues (all under normal, untreated conditions). For these cells we also purified RNA to analyze tissue specfic genome wide transcription levels in relation to histone modifications. Corresponding RNA microarrays can be found under accession E-TABM-877.
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Project description:Autophagy plays an important role in preserving cellular homeostasis in pancreatic beta cells. However, the extent of autophagic flux induced in various physiological settings in vivo is unclear. In this study, we generated transgenic mice expressing pHluorin-LC3-mCherry reporter for monitoring systemic autophagic flux. Our findings revealed that autophagic flux in pancreatic islets enhanced after starvation, although suppression of the flux after short-term refeeding needs more prolonged restarvation in islets than in liver and skeletal muscle. Furthermore, heterogeneity of autophagic flux in beta cells manifested after increasing insulin resistance and intracellular calcium influx by glucose stimulation increased more in high- than low-flux beta cells, with differential gene expression based on the flux. Thus, our monitor mouse enables us to reveal physiological response and biological insight of heterogeneity in autophagic flux in pancreatic beta cells.
2023-03-15 | PXD036390 | JPOST Repository