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Black Soldier Fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) meal is a viable protein source for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during a large-scale controlled field trial under commercial-like conditions

ABSTRACT: Black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFL) from Hermetia illucens is a promising alternative protein source in diets for farmed fish. The larvae can efficiently convert low-value organic material into high quality protein in a production cycle with low arable land and freshwater inputs. A few recent studies have shown that BSFL is a suitable protein source for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in smaller controlled experiments. However, industry-relevant field trials conducted under large scale near-commercial conditions over a longer period are lacking. In this study, a feeding trial was performed to evaluate the impact of BSFL on growth performance and health of Atlantic salmon during the grow out phase in seawater, in a commercial site in Vestland county, Norway. A total of 320,000 post-smolt Atlantic salmon were distributed into six duplicate sea cages and fed one of three diets (commercial-like control diet and two test diets partially replacing the protein content of the control diet with 4 % and 8 % defatted BSFL meal) for 21 weeks, until a relevant commercial slaughter size of 4.5-5.0 kg was reached. Health parameters were assessed including histology of the distal intestine (DI), in addition to DI microbiota identification (by 16s rRNA-seq) and salmon RNA-seq of DI and head kidney (HK). The results showed that the inclusion of BSFL meal supported growth performance and had no adverse effect on gut health. The beta diversity of the distal intestine microbiota and the relative abundance of families Lactobacillaceae and the chitinolytic Bacillaceae increased in the fish fed the BSFL diets. Additionally, no histopathological changes were attributable to BSFL meal intake. Results from RNA-seq in DI revealed that BSFL inclusion modulates metabolic processes associated with lipids, the response to estrogens, the activity of immune receptors (to chemokines), phagocytosis and extracellular vesicles. Based on these results, black soldier fly larvae meal is a suitable alternative protein ingredient in inclusions of up to at least 8 % for Atlantic salmon under industrial fish farming conditions.

ORGANISM(S): Salmo salar

PROVIDER: GSE241320 | GEO | 2024/08/16

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The aim of this experiment was to explore transcriptomic changes in the distal gut of Altantic salmon fed five experimental and two control diets. The experimental diets were isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isocaloric. They had similar content of fish meal (~22%) and similar total plant protein content (~45%), but differed in the contents of soya protein concentrate (SPC) and bean protein concentrate (BPC). These two ingredients were used to replace each other (either partially or fully) at the levels of incorporation ranging from 0 to 45%, with ~11% increments. As a result, the experimental diets contained either 45% SPC and 0% BPC (S45), 34% SPC and 11% BPC (S34B11), 22% SPC and 22% BPC (S22B22), 11% SPC and 34% BPC (S11B34) or 0% SPC and 45% BPC (B45). The S45 and B45 diets were single plant protein diets, while the others (S34B11, S22B22 and S11B34) were mixed plant protein diets. The control diets were enriched with fish meal (FM diet) or soybean meal (SBM diet) to provide negative and positive controls for gut inflammation (enteritis), respectively. The study was conducted at EWOS Innovation Research Facility in Dirdal (Norway) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) of the SalmoBreed strain were supplied as fertilized eggs and hatched on site. Mixed-sex juvenile salmon in groups of ~150 fish were transferred to 26 indoor tanks (0.6 x 0.6 x 0.6 m), with ~60 L of freshwater flowing at a rate of 3.9 L/min and continuous aeration. The temperature of water was regulated at 13°C and all animals were exposed to a constant light regime (24 h light/day). Fish were fed a commercial EWOS Start 1 diet and acclimated to the experimental conditions for 2 weeks, after which (at body mass ~1.5 g) they were subjected to a 56-day feeding trial. Tanks were randomly assigned to the dietary treatments, with 4 replicate tanks per each experimental diet (S45, S34B11, S22B22, S11B34 and B45) and 3 replicate tanks per each control diet (FM and SBM diets). Fish were fed to satiation prior to the feeding trial and during the dietary manipulation using automatic band feeders (Holland Technology, Norway). During the feeding trial, all fish in each tank had their biomass recorded on days 0 (start of experiment), 14, 28, 42 and 56 (end of experiment) for evaluation of growth performance.

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Black Soldier Fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) meal is a viable protein source for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during a large-scale controlled field trial under commercial-like conditions

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