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Oncogenic SDH mutation underlies global epigenomic instability in gastrointestinal stromal tumor

ABSTRACT: We have discovered a striking connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenomic instability, manifested by global biallelic DNA cytosine 5-methylation and loss of 5-hydroxymethycytosine within succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-null gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) relative to those bearing KIT or PDGFRA tyrosine kinase driver mutations. The duality of Krebs versus kinase molecular and epigenomic profiles in GIST provides compelling evidence linking mitochondrial process to nuclear structure and function and underscores an essential role for succinate metabolism in the maintenance of epigenomic programming and tumor suppression.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE34387 | GEO | 2013/05/22

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA149587

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Oncogenic SDH mutation underlies global epigenomic instability in gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Project description:We have discovered a striking connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenomic instability, manifested by global biallelic DNA cytosine 5-methylation and loss of 5-hydroxymethycytosine within succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-null gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) relative to those bearing KIT or PDGFRA tyrosine kinase driver mutations. The duality of Krebs versus kinase molecular and epigenomic profiles in GIST provides compelling evidence linking mitochondrial process to nuclear structure and function and underscores an essential role for succinate metabolism in the maintenance of epigenomic programming and tumor suppression. Bisulfite-converted DNA from 144 samples were analyzed with the Illumina GoldenGate Methylation Cancer Panel I array.

2013-05-22 | E-GEOD-34387 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Epigenetic aberrations are widespread in cancer, yet the underlying mechanisms and causality remain poorly understood. A subset of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) lack canonical kinase mutations but instead have succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-deficiency and global DNA hyper-methylation. Here we associate this hyper-methylation with changes in genome topology that activate oncogenic programs. To investigate epigenetic alterations systematically, we mapped DNA methylation, CTCF insulators, enhancers, and chromosome topology in KIT-mutant, PDGFRA-mutant, and SDH-deficient GISTs. Although these respective subtypes shared similar enhancer landscapes, we identified hundreds of putative insulators where DNA methylation replaced CTCF binding in SDH-deficient GISTs. We focused on a disrupted insulator that normally partitions a core GIST super-enhancer from the FGF4 oncogene. Recurrent loss of this insulator alters locus topology in SDH-deficient GISTs, allowing aberrant physical interaction between enhancer and oncogene. CRISPR-mediated excision of the corresponding CTCF motifs in an SDH-intact GIST model disrupted the boundary and strongly up-regulated FGF4 expression. We also identified a second recurrent insulator loss event near the KIT oncogene, which is also highly expressed across SDH-deficient GISTs. Finally, we established a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) from an SDH-deficient GIST that faithfully maintains the epigenetic state of the parental tumor, including hyper-methylation and insulator defects. This PDX model is highly sensitive to FGF receptor (FGFR) inhibitor, and more so to combined FGFR and KIT inhibition, validating the functional significance of the underlying epigenetic lesions. Our study reveals how epigenetic alterations can drive oncogenic programs in the absence of canonical kinase mutations, with implications for mechanistic targeting of aberrant pathways in cancers.

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Project description:Drug resistance is vital for the poor prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Given the unique microenvironment of bone marrow, we reasoned that drug resistance of AML might rely on distinct microenvironment-associated metabolic processes. Here, we identified SDH deficiency and over-cumulative succinate as typical features in AML, with a marked function in causing the resistance of AML cells to a wide range of anti-cancer therapies. Mechanistically, succinate promoted the accumulation of oncogenic proteins in a manner that precedes transcriptional activation. This function was mediated by succinate-triggered upregulation of UBC12 phosphorylation, which impaired its E2 function in cullins neddylation. Notably, decreasing succinate levels by fludarabine could effectively restore the drug sensitivity of SDH-deficient AML PDX. Together, we uncover a novel function of succinate in driving drug resistance by regulating p-UBC12/cullin activity, and indicate reshaping succinate metabolism as a promising treatment for SDH-deficient AML.

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