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RSV vs BSA

ABSTRACT: Rationale: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Streptococcus pneumoniae are major respiratory pathogens. Co-infection with RSV and S. pneumoniae is associated with severe and often fatal pneumonia but the molecular basis for this remains unclear. Objectives: To determine if interaction between RSV and pneumococci enhances pneumococcal virulence. Methods: We used confocal microscopy and western blot to identify the receptors involved in direct binding of RSV and pneumococci, the effects of which were studied in both in vivo and in vitro models of infection. Human ciliated respiratory epithelial cell cultures were infected with RSV for 72h and then challenged with pneumococci. Pneumococci were collected after 2h exposure and changes in gene expression determined using qRT-PCR. Results: Following incubation with RSV or purified G protein, pneumococci demonstrated a significant increase in the inflammatory response and bacterial adherence to human ciliated epithelial cultures and markedly increased virulence in a pneumonia model in mice. This was associated with extensive changes in the pneumococcal transcriptome and significant upregulation in the expression of key pneumococcal virulence genes, including the gene for the pneumococcal toxin, pneumolysin. We show that mechanistically this is due to RSV G glycoprotein binding penicillin binding protein 1a. Conclusion: The direct interaction between a respiratory virus protein and the pneumococcus resulting in increased bacterial virulence and worsening disease outcome is a new paradigm in respiratory infection.

ORGANISM(S): Streptococcus pneumoniae D39

PROVIDER: GSE58425 | GEO | 2014/06/21

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA252582

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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RSV vs BSA

Project description:Rationale: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Streptococcus pneumoniae are major respiratory pathogens. Co-infection with RSV and S. pneumoniae is associated with severe and often fatal pneumonia but the molecular basis for this remains unclear. Objectives: To determine if interaction between RSV and pneumococci enhances pneumococcal virulence. Methods: We used confocal microscopy and western blot to identify the receptors involved in direct binding of RSV and pneumococci, the effects of which were studied in both in vivo and in vitro models of infection. Human ciliated respiratory epithelial cell cultures were infected with RSV for 72h and then challenged with pneumococci. Pneumococci were collected after 2h exposure and changes in gene expression determined using qRT-PCR. Results: Following incubation with RSV or purified G protein, pneumococci demonstrated a significant increase in the inflammatory response and bacterial adherence to human ciliated epithelial cultures and markedly increased virulence in a pneumonia model in mice. This was associated with extensive changes in the pneumococcal transcriptome and significant upregulation in the expression of key pneumococcal virulence genes, including the gene for the pneumococcal toxin, pneumolysin. We show that mechanistically this is due to RSV G glycoprotein binding penicillin binding protein 1a. Conclusion: The direct interaction between a respiratory virus protein and the pneumococcus resulting in increased bacterial virulence and worsening disease outcome is a new paradigm in respiratory infection. Comparison of the Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 RSV treated compared to BSA Treated in BEBM medium One condition design comparision of two strains including a dye swap

2014-06-21 | E-GEOD-58425 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Protein P Vs Protein G

Project description:Rationale: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Streptococcus pneumoniae are major respiratory pathogens. Co-infection with RSV and S. pneumoniae is associated with severe and often fatal pneumonia but the molecular basis for this remains unclear. Objectives: To determine if interaction between RSV and pneumococci enhances pneumococcal virulence. Methods: We used confocal microscopy and western blot to identify the receptors involved in direct binding of RSV and pneumococci, the effects of which were studied in both in vivo and in vitro models of infection. Human ciliated respiratory epithelial cell cultures were infected with RSV for 72h and then challenged with pneumococci. Pneumococci were collected after 2h exposure and changes in gene expression determined using qRT-PCR. Results: Following incubation with RSV or purified G protein, pneumococci demonstrated a significant increase in the inflammatory response and bacterial adherence to human ciliated epithelial cultures and markedly increased virulence in a pneumonia model in mice. This was associated with extensive changes in the pneumococcal transcriptome and significant upregulation in the expression of key pneumococcal virulence genes, including the gene for the pneumococcal toxin, pneumolysin. We show that mechanistically this is due to RSV G glycoprotein binding penicillin binding protein 1a. Conclusion: The direct interaction between a respiratory virus protein and the pneumococcus resulting in increased bacterial virulence and worsening disease outcome is a new paradigm in respiratory infection. Comparison of the Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 Protein P treated compared to Protein GTreated in BEBM medium One condition design comparision of two strains including a dye swap

2014-06-21 | E-GEOD-58424 | biostudies-arrayexpress

BSA Vs RSV G Protein

2014-06-21 | GSE58424 | GEO

Impact of Endogenous Pneumococcal Hydrogen Peroxide on the activity and release of Pneumolysin

Project description:Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia. The release of the pore-forming cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) pneumolysin (PLY) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a physiological metabolite, is an important virulence determinant of pneumococci.

2023-08-09 | GSE240442 | GEO

Proteomic adaptation of Streptococcus pneumoniae to the antimicrobial peptide human Beta Defensin 3 (hBD3) in comparison to other cell surface stresses

Project description:The antimicrobial peptide human Beta Defensin 3 (hBD3) is an essential part of the innate immune system and involved in protection against respiratory pathogens by specifically permeabilizing bacterial membranes. The Gram-positive bacterium S. pneumoniae causes serious diseases including pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia despite being frequently exposed to human defense molecules including hBD3 during colonization and infection. Thus, the question arises how pneumococci adapt to stress caused by antimicrobial peptides. We addressed this subject by analyzing the proteome of S. pneumoniae after treatment with hBD3 and compared our data with the proteomic changes induced by LL-37, another crucial antimicrobial peptide present in the human respiratory tract. As antimicrobial peptides usually cause membrane perturbations, the response to the membrane active cationic detergent cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was examined to assess the specificity of the pneumococcal response to antimicrobial peptides. In brief, hBD3 and LL-37 induce a similar response in pneumococci especially in changes of proteins with annotated transporter and virulence function. However, LL-37 causes changes in abundance of cell surface modification proteins that cannot be observed after treatment with hBD3. Interestingly, CTAB induces unique proteomic changes in S. pneumoniae. Though, the detergent seems to activate a two-component system that is also activated in response to antimicrobial peptide stress (TCS 05). Overall, our publicly available data represent a novel resource on pneumococcal adaptation to specific cell surface stresses on a functional level. This knowledge can potentially be used to develop strategies to circumvent pneumococcal resistance to antimicrobial peptides.

2020-11-02 | PXD020968 | Pride

Pneumococci in the heart subvert the host response through biofilm-mediated macrophage killing

Project description:For over 130 years, invasive pneumococcal disease has been associated with the presence of extracellular diplococci or short chains in affected tissues. Herein, we show that Streptococcus pneumoniae that invade the myocardium from the bloodstream replicate within cellular vesicles and transition into non-purulent biofilms. Pneumococci within cardiac microlesions exhibited salient biofilm properties including intrinsic resistance to antibiotic killing and the presence of an extracellular matrix. Dual RNA-seq data generated from heart- and blood-isolated pneumococci confirmed the biofilm phenotype in vivo and revealed stark anatomical site-specific differences in virulence gene expression; the latter having major implications on vaccine antigen selection. Genes within three genomic islands were identified as exclusively expressed in vivo. Deletion of one such island, i.e. Region of Diversity 12, resulted in a biofilm-deficient and highly inflammogenic phenotype, suggesting a link between the ability to form biofilms and a dampened host-response. We subsequently determined that biofilm pneumococci subvert cytokine/chemokine production and myocardial neutrophil infiltration by rapidly killing cardiac macrophages in a pneumolysin dependent manner. Our findings contradict the emerging notion that biofilm pneumococci are immunoquiescent and instead show that biofilm S. pneumoniae actively suppress the host response through pneumolysin-mediated immune cell killing.

2017-08-21 | GSE86118 | GEO

Time-resolved dual RNA-seq reveals extensive rewiring of lung epithelial and pneumococcal transcriptomes during early infection

Project description:BACKGROUND: Streptococcus pneumoniae, the pneumococcus, is the main etiological agent of pneumonia. Pneumococcal infection is initiated by bacterial adherence to lung epithelial cells. The exact transcriptional changes occurring in both host and microbe during infection are unknown. Here, we developed a time-resolved infection model of human lung alveolar epithelial cells by S. pneumoniae and assess the resulting transcriptome changes in both organisms simultaneously by using dual RNA-seq. RESULTS: Functional analysis of the time-resolved dual RNA-seq data identifies several features of pneumococcal infection. For instance, we show that the glutathione-dependent reactive oxygen detoxification pathway in epithelial cells is activated by reactive oxygen species produced by S. pneumoniae. Addition of the antioxidant resveratrol during infection abates this response. At the same time, pneumococci activate the competence regulon during co-incubation with lung epithelial cells. By comparing transcriptional changes between wild-type encapsulated and mutant unencapsulated pneumococci, we demonstrate that adherent pneumococci, but not free-floating bacteria, repress innate immune responses in epithelial cells including expression of the chemokine IL-8 and the production of antimicrobial peptides. We also show that pneumococci activate several sugar transporters in response to adherence to epithelial cells and demonstrate that this activation depends on host-derived mucins. CONCLUSIONS: We provide a dual-transcriptomics overview of early pneumococcal infection in a time-resolved manner, providing new insights into host-microbe interactions. To allow easy access to the data by the community, a web-based platform was developed ( http://dualrnaseq.molgenrug.nl ). Further database exploration may expand our understanding of epithelial-pneumococcal interaction, leading to novel antimicrobial strategies.

2016-08-26 | GSE79595 | GEO

Dual RNA-seq on pneumococcal infection to zebrafish embryo model

Project description:Zebrafish embryo has been emerging as an interesting model of infection due to their fecundity, transparency and availability of genetic tools. Streptococcus pneumoniae, the pneumococcus, is the main etiological agent of pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis. The bacteria expresses a very important virulence factor, pneumolysin able to form pores on cholesterol-based membranes and to activate innate immune system. Here, we exploited the recently described dual RNA-seq to simultaneously measure genome-wide expression of host and pathogen eight hours into infection. Functional enrichment analysis showed certain pathways such as autophagy and apoptosis being activated in the host while stress responses including pneumococcal competence. The study is the first to describe dual RNA-seq application in whole organism sequencing in infection model.

2021-12-14 | GSE123988 | GEO

Activation of STAT3-mediated ciliated cell survival protects against severe infection by respiratory syncytial virus

Project description:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) selectively targets ciliated cells in human bronchial epithelium and can cause bronchiolitis and pneumonia mostly in infants. To identify molecular targets of intervention during RSV infection in infants, we investigate how age regulates RSV interaction with the bronchial epithelium barrier. Employing precision-cut lung slices and air-liquid interface cultures generated from infant and adult human donors, we found robust RSV virus spread and extensive apoptotic cell death only in infant bronchial epithelium. In contrast, adult bronchial epithelium showed insignificant barrier damage and limited RSV infection. Single nuclear RNA-sequencing revealed age-related insufficiency of an anti-apoptotic STAT3 activation response to RSV infection in infant ciliated cells, which was exploited to facilitate virus spread via the extruded apoptotic ciliated cells carrying RSV. Activation of STAT3 and blockade of apoptosis rendered protection against severe RSV infection in infant bronchial epithelium. Lastly, apoptotic inhibitor treatment of a neonatal mouse model of RSV infection ameliorated infection and inflammation in the lung. Taken together, our findings identify a STAT3-mediated anti-apoptosis pathway as a target to battle severe RSV disease in infants.

2024-09-30 | GSE274466 | GEO

Impact of pneumococcal and viral pneumonia on the respiratory and intestinal tract microbiome of mice part II

Project description:With annually 2.56 million deaths worldwide, pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death. Most frequent causative pathogens are Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A virus. Lately, the interaction between pathogens, the host and its microbiome gained more attention. A healthy microbiome is known to enhance the immune response towards pathogens, however, our knowledge on how infections affect the microbiome is still scarce. In this study, a meta-omics approach was used to investigate the impact of S. pneumoniae and influenza A virus infection on structure and function of the respiratory and gastrointestinal microbiomes of mice. In particular, the taxonomic composition of the respiratory microbiome was less affected by bacterial colonization and viral infection compared to S. pneumoniae infection. Pneumococcal pneumonia led to reduction of bacterial families and lower diversity in the respiratory microbiome, whereas diversity/richness was unaffected following H1N1 infection. Within the gastrointestinal microbiome we found exclusive changes in structure and function depending on the pneumonia inducing pathogen. Exemplarily, increased abundance of Akkermansiaceae and Spirochaetaceae, as well as decreased amounts of Clostridiaceae in response to S. pneumoniae infection, while increased presence of Enterococcaceae and Staphylococcaceae was specific for viral-induced pneumonia. Investigation of the intestinal microbiomes functional composition revealed reduced expression of flagellin and rubrerythrin and increased levels of ATPase during pneumococcal infection, while increased amounts of acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase and, enoyl-CoA transferase were unique after H1N1 infection. The identification of specific taxonomical and functional profiles during infection with a respective pathogen could deliver new insights in the role of the microbiome during disease and be beneficial for discrimination of pneumococcal- or viral-induced pneumonia.

2023-03-24 | PXD036279 | Pride

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