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Transcriptomic differences between euryhaline and stenohaline malaria vector sibling species in response to salinity stress

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

OTHER RELATED OMICS DATASETS IN: PRJNA301602PRJNA301598PRJNA255780

ORGANISM(S): Anopheles coluzzii Anopheles merus

PROVIDER: GSE74820 | GEO | 2016/03/09

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA301598

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Transcriptomic differences between euryhaline and stenohaline malaria vector sibling species in response to salinity stress.

Project description:Evolution of osmoregulatory systems is a key factor in the transition of species between fresh- and saltwater habitats. Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles merus are stenohaline and euryhaline malaria vector mosquitoes belonging to a larger group of sibling species, the Anopheles gambiae complex, which radiated in Africa within the last 2 million years. Comparative ecological genomics of these vector species can provide insight into the mechanisms that permitted the rapid radiation of this species complex into habitats of contrasting salinity. Here, we use RNA-Seq to investigate gene expression differences between An. coluzzii and An. merus after briefly exposing both young and old larval instars of each species to either saltwater (SW) or freshwater (FW). Our study aims to identify candidate genes and pathways responsible for the greater SW tolerance of An. merus. Our results are congruent with the ability of gene induction to mediate salinity tolerance, with both species showing increasing amounts of differential gene expression between SW and FW as salt concentrations increase. Besides ion transporters such as AgAE2 that may serve as effectors for osmoregulation, we also find mitogen-activated protein kinases that may serve in a phosphorylation signalling pathway responding to salinity, and report potential cross-talk between the mosquito immune response and osmoregulation. This study provides a key step towards applying the growing molecular knowledge of these malaria vectors to improve understanding of their ecological tolerances and habitat occupancy.

| S-EPMC4877251 | biostudies-literature

Transcriptomic differences between euryhaline and stenohaline malaria vector sibling species in response to salinity stress [set1]

2016-03-09 | GSE59632 | GEO

Transcriptomic differences between euryhaline and stenohaline malaria vector sibling species in response to salinity stress [set2]

Project description:We use RNA-Seq to explore the reaction norm of gene expression of larval Anopheles coluzzii and An. merus to a gradient of salinity.

2016-03-09 | GSE74819 | GEO

Transcriptomic differences between euryhaline and stenohaline malaria vector sibling species in response to salinity stress [set1]

Project description:We use RNA-Seq to investigate gene expression differences in response to saltwater exposure by the larval stages of the obligate freshwater mosquito Anopheles coluzzii (formerly An. gambiae "M" form), and the euryhaline An. merus. After rearing in freshwater, both young and old larval instars of each species were briefly (6 h) exposed to either saltwater (SW) or freshwater (FW) conditions to test the impact of salinity on mRNA levels.

2016-03-09 | E-GEOD-59632 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptomic differences between euryhaline and stenohaline malaria vector sibling species in response to salinity stress [set2]

Project description:We use RNA-Seq to explore the reaction norm of gene expression of larval Anopheles coluzzii and An. merus to a gradient of salinity. After rearing in freshwater, separate pools of 18 h post-hatch larval instars of An. merus and An. coluzzii were briefly (6 h) exposed to one of six water salinities: 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% the salinity of seawater. The last sample (G-50-RC) was split across 5 lanes for sequencing, resulting in total 10 fastq files associated with subparts G-50-RCa, G-50-RCb, G-50-RCc, G-50-RCd, G-50-RCe.

2016-03-09 | E-GEOD-74819 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptomic differences between euryhaline and stenohaline malaria vector sibling species in response to salinity stress

Project description:Transcriptomic differences between euryhaline and stenohaline malaria vector sibling species in response to salinity stress

| PRJNA301598 | ENA

Transcriptomic differences between euryhaline and stenohaline malaria vector sibling species in response to salinity stress [set2]

Project description:Transcriptomic differences between euryhaline and stenohaline malaria vector sibling species in response to salinity stress [set2]

| PRJNA301602 | ENA

Transcriptomic differences between euryhaline and stenohaline malaria vector sibling species in response to salinity stress [set1]

Project description:Transcriptomic differences between euryhaline and stenohaline malaria vector sibling species in response to salinity stress [set1]

| PRJNA255780 | ENA

Gene expression divergence between malaria vector sibling species Anopheles gambiae and An. coluzzii from rural and urban Yaounde Cameroon.

Project description:Divergent selection based on aquatic larval ecology is a likely factor in the recent isolation of two broadly sympatric and morphologically identical African mosquito species, the malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and An. coluzzii. Population-based genome scans have revealed numerous candidate regions of recent positive selection, but have provided few clues as to the genetic mechanisms underlying behavioural and physiological divergence between the two species, phenotypes which themselves remain obscure. To uncover possible genetic mechanisms, we compared global transcriptional profiles of natural and experimental populations using gene-based microarrays. Larvae were sampled as second and fourth instars from natural populations in and around the city of Yaoundé, capital of Cameroon, where the two species segregate along a gradient of urbanization. Functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that An. coluzzii--the species that breeds in more stable, biotically complex and potentially polluted urban water bodies--overexpresses genes implicated in detoxification and immunity relative to An. gambiae, which breeds in more ephemeral and relatively depauperate pools and puddles in suburbs and rural areas. Moreover, our data suggest that such overexpression by An. coluzzii is not a transient result of induction by xenobiotics in the larval habitat, but an inherent and presumably adaptive response to repeatedly encountered environmental stressors. Finally, we find no significant overlap between the differentially expressed loci and previously identified genomic regions of recent positive selection, suggesting that transcriptome divergence is regulated by trans-acting factors rather than cis-acting elements.

| S-EPMC4034741 | biostudies-literature

Genome-wide QTL mapping of saltwater tolerance in sibling species of Anopheles (malaria vector) mosquitoes.

Project description:Although freshwater (FW) is the ancestral habitat for larval mosquitoes, multiple species independently evolved the ability to survive in saltwater (SW). Here, we use quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to investigate the genetic architecture of osmoregulation in Anopheles mosquitoes, vectors of human malaria. We analyzed 1134 backcross progeny from a cross between the obligate FW species An. coluzzii, and its closely related euryhaline sibling species An. merus. Tests of 2387 markers with Bayesian interval mapping and machine learning (random forests) yielded six genomic regions associated with SW tolerance. Overlap in QTL regions from both approaches enhances confidence in QTL identification. Evidence exists for synergistic as well as disruptive epistasis among loci. Intriguingly, one QTL region containing ion transporters spans the 2Rop chromosomal inversion that distinguishes these species. Rather than a simple trait controlled by one or a few loci, our data are most consistent with a complex, polygenic mode of inheritance.

| S-EPMC4611235 | biostudies-literature

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