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Cathepsin B modulates lysosomal biogenesis and host defense against Francisella novicida infection

ABSTRACT: Lysosomal cathepsins regulate an exquisite range of biological functions, and their deregulation is associated with inflammatory, metabolic and degenerative disease in humans. Here, we identified a key cell-intrinsic role for cathepsin B as a negative feedback regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Mice and macrophages lacking cathepsin B activity had increased resistance to the cytosolic bacterial pathogen Francisella novicida. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin B downregulated mTOR activity and prevented cleavage of the lysosomal calcium channel TRPML1. These events drove transcription of lysosomal and autophagy genes via the transcription factor TFEB, which increased lysosomal biogenesis and activation of autophagy-initiation kinase ULK1 for clearance of the bacteria. Our results identified a fundamental biological function of cathepsin B in providing a checkpoint for homeostatic maintenance of lysosome population and basic recycling functions in the cell.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE79508 | GEO | 2016/08/04

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA316012

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Cathepsin B modulates lysosomal biogenesis and host defense against Francisella novicida infection

Project description:Lysosomal cathepsins regulate an exquisite range of biological functions, and their deregulation is associated with inflammatory, metabolic and degenerative disease in humans. Here, we identified a key cell-intrinsic role for cathepsin B as a negative feedback regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Mice and macrophages lacking cathepsin B activity had increased resistance to the cytosolic bacterial pathogen Francisella novicida. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin B downregulated mTOR activity and prevented cleavage of the lysosomal calcium channel TRPML1. These events drove transcription of lysosomal and autophagy genes via the transcription factor TFEB, which increased lysosomal biogenesis and activation of autophagy-initiation kinase ULK1 for clearance of the bacteria. Our results identified a fundamental biological function of cathepsin B in providing a checkpoint for homeostatic maintenance of lysosome population and basic recycling functions in the cell. We used microarrays to explore the gene expression profiles differentially expressed in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) isolated from cathepsin B-/- and wild-type mice.

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Project description:Autophagy is a highly conserved lysosomal degrative pathway important for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Much of our current knowledge of autophagy is focused on the initiation steps with the later steps, particularly lysosomal fusion leading to autolysosome formation and the subsequent role of lysosomal enzymes in degradation and recycling become evident. Autophagy can function in both cell survival and cell death, however the mechanisms that distinguish adaptive/survival autophagy from autophagy-dependent cell death remains to be established. Here we use a proteomic analysis of larval midguts during degradation identifying a group of proteins with peptidase activity, suggesting a role in autophagy-dependent cell death. We show that Cathepsin L deficient Drosophila larval midgut cells, accumulate autophagic vesicles due to a block in autophagic flux, yet midgut degradation in not compromised. The accumulation of large aberrant autolysosomes in the absence of Cathepsin function appears to be the consequence of decreased degradative capacity as they contain undigested cytoplasmic material rather and not due to a defect in autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Finally, we find that other Cathepsins are also required for proper autolysosomal degradation in Drosophila larval midgut cells and that this is conserved in mammalian cells. Our findings suggest that Cathepsins play an important degrative role in the autolysosome to maintain autophagy flux, by balancing autophagosome production and turnover (to prevent autophagic stress).

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