Transcriptomic responses to environmental temperature by turtles with thermosensitive and genotypic sex determination assessed by RNAseq inform the genetic architecture of embryonic gonadal development
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Apalone spinifera Chrysemys picta
PROVIDER: GSE94871 | GEO | 2018/02/14
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Vertebrate sexual fate is decided primarily by the individual's genotype (GSD), by the environmental temperature during development (TSD), or both. Turtles exhibit TSD and GSD, making them ideal to study the evolution of sex determination. Here we analyze temperature-specific gonadal transcriptomes (RNA-sequencing validated by qPCR) of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta TSD) before and during the thermosensitive period, and at equivalent stages in soft-shell turtles (Apalone spinifera-GSD), to test whether TSD's and GSD's transcriptional circuitry is identical but deployed differently between mechanisms. Our data show that most elements of the mammalian urogenital network are active during turtle gonadogenesis, but their transcription is generally more thermoresponsive in TSD than GSD, and concordant with their sex-specific function in mammals [e.g., upregulation of Amh, Ar, Esr1, Fog2, Gata4, Igf1r, Insr, and Lhx9 at male-producing temperature, and of β-catenin, Foxl2, Aromatase (Cyp19a1), Fst, Nf-kb, Crabp2 at female-producing temperature in Chrysemys]. Notably, antagonistic elements in gonadogenesis (e.g., β-catenin and Insr) were thermosensitive only in TSD early-embryos. Cirbp showed warm-temperature upregulation in both turtles disputing its purported key TSD role. Genes that may convert thermal inputs into sex-specific development (e.g., signaling and hormonal pathways, RNA-binding and heat-shock) were differentially regulated. Jak-Stat, Nf-κB, retinoic-acid, Wnt, and Mapk-signaling (not Akt and Ras-signaling) potentially mediate TSD thermosensitivity. Numerous species-specific ncRNAs (including Xist) were differentially-expressed, mostly upregulated at colder temperatures, as were unannotated loci that constitute novel TSD candidates. Cirbp showed warm-temperature upregulation in both turtles. Consistent transcription between turtles and alligator revealed putatively-critical reptilian TSD elements for male (Sf1, Amh, Amhr2) and female (Crabp2 and Hspb1) gonadogenesis. In conclusion, while preliminary, our data helps illuminate the regulation and evolution of vertebrate sex determination, and contribute genomic resources to guide further research into this fundamental biological process.
| S-EPMC5352168 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mammalian gonadal sex determination is dependent on proper expression of sex determining genes in fetal gonadal somatic support cells (i.e., pre-granulosa and pre-Sertoli cells in XX and XY gonads, resp.). We used a unique transgenic mouse strain combined with microarray profiling to identify all the differentially expressed transcripts in XX and XY isolated somatic support cells during critical stages of gonadal development and differentiation.
2009-11-09 | GSE18211 | GEO
Project description:Understanding the consequences of thermal and chemical variations in aquatic habitats is of importance in a scenario of global change. In ecology, the sex ratio is a major population demographic parameter. Research carried out so far on environmental perturbations on fish sex ratios has usually involved a few model species with a strong genetic basis of sex determination, analyzing juvenile or adult gonads. However, the underlying mechanisms at the time of commitment are poorly understood. The European sea bass has a mixed genetic and environmental sex determination system, which makes it naturally sensitive to environmental cues. Here, we transcriptomically analyzed developing gonads experiencing either testis or ovarian differentiation as a result of thermal and/or estrogen influences. Elevated temperature masculinized genetic females while estrogen exposure resulted in an all-female population. A total of 383 genes were differentially expressed, with an overall downregulation in the expression of genes involved both in testicular and ovarian differentiation in the estrogen-exposed fish achieved by a shutdown of the first steps of steroidogenesis. GO enrichment analysis uncovered affected pathways related to the immune response, xenobiotic metabolism, response to stimulus, signaling and growth. However, once the female phenotype was imposed gonads could continue their normal development, even taking into account that some of the resulting females were fish that otherwise would have developed as males. The data on the underlying mechanisms operating at the molecular level presented here contributes to better understanding the sex ratio response of fish species subjected to a combination of environmental perturbations.
2016-12-31 | GSE52938 | GEO
Project description:We examined the methylation state of upstream intergenic regions associated with two aromatase genes (cyp19a1A and cyp19a1B) in P. pulcher, a cichlid fish with pH-based sex and male morph determination. Methylation levels in fry head and trunk and adult brain and gonad samples were assessed with a bisulfite amplicon sequencing assay and sequence data was processed through two pipelines to determine % methylation of individual CpG sites and abundance of specific patterns of methylated and unmethylated CpGs (i.e., epialleles).
2020-07-20 | GSE135681 | GEO
Project description:In the present study, the eggs of Chinese pond turtles (Mauremys reevesii) were incubated at three temperatures (26℃, 29℃ and 32℃). During the thermosensitive period (TSP) of incubation, the adrenal-kidney-gonad (AKG) complexes were sampled, and the transcriptome differences of the AKG samples were investigated using next-generation sequencing, then candidate genes associated with temperature-dependent sex determination of Reeves' Turtle were identified.
2022-04-01 | GSE98234 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: In this study we employed unbiased, genome-wide techniques to identify regulatory elements during murine sex determination. Methods: We performed ATAC-seq on 60K FACS-purified XX and XY gonadal cells before and after sex determination to map nucleosome depleted regions (NDRs) indicative of regulatory elements. To determine whether these are active enhancers, we performed ChIP-seq for H3K27ac, a histone modification that marks active enhancers in both sexes and time points. Transient transgenics was performed on select enhancers to determine whether they are functional in gonads during the sex determination stage. Results: We have produced a genome wide map of potential regulatory elements and active enhancers during the process of murine sex determination. Furthermore, we validated the power of our dataset by identifying a novel enhancer downstream of Bmp2, a female-specific gene. Conclusions: This work supplies a powerful resource for identifying chromatin regulatory elements active during mammalian sex determination.
2019-01-02 | GSE118755 | GEO
Project description:Gonadal sex differentiation – testis versus ovary formation – is a fundamental process required for reproduction and evolution. Reflecting this importance, the embryonic gonads of vertebrate species comprise the same key cell types; germ cells, supporting cells and interstitial steroidogenic cells. Remarkably, the genetic triggers for gonadal sex differentiation vary across species (the SRY gene in mammals, DMRT1 in birds and some turtles, temperature in many reptiles, AMH and various other genes in fishes). Despite this variation, the cell biology of gonadal development was long thought to be largely conserved. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of gonadal sex differentiation, using the chicken embryo as a model and considering the entire gonad. We sampled over 30,000 cells across several developmental stages, prior, during and after the onset of gonadal sex differentiation. The data provide several new insights into cell lineage specification during vertebrate gonadogenesis. Combining lineage tracing with single cell transcriptomics, the data show that somatic supporting cells of the embryonic chicken gonad do not derive from the coelomic epithelium, in contrast to other vertebrates studied. Instead, the early somatic precursors cells of the gonads in both sexes derive from a DMRT1+/PAX2+/WNT4+/OSR1+ mesenchymal cell population. In particular, PAX2 marks immigrating mesenchymal cells that give rise to the supporting cell lineage. We find a greater complexity of gonadal cell types than previously thought, including the identification of two distinct sub-populations of Sertoli cells in developing testes, and derivation of embryonic steroidogenic cells from a differentiated supporting cell lineage. We provide significantly improved resolution of gonadal cell types and identify several new gonadal marker genes. Altogether, these results indicate that, just as the genetic trigger for sex differs across vertebrate groups, cell lineage specification in the gonad may also vary substantially.
2020-06-03 | GSE143337 | GEO
Project description:Embryonic day 13 (E13), E14, and E16 rat testes and ovaries were used for microarray analysis, as well as E13 testis organ cultures that undergo testis morphogenesis and develop seminiferous cords in vitro. A list of 109 genes resulted from a selective analysis for genes present in male gonadal development and with a 1.5-fold change in expression between E13 and E16. Characterization of these 109 genes potentially important for testis development revealed that cytoskeletal-associated proteins, extracellular matrix factors, and signaling factors were highly represented. Throughout the developmental period (E13-E16), sex-enriched transcripts were more prevalent in the male with 34 of the 109 genes having testis-enriched expression during sex determination. In ovaries, the total number of transcripts with a 1.5-fold change in expression between E13 and E16 was similar to the testis, but none of those genes were both ovary enriched and regulated during the developmental period. Genes conserved in sex determination were identified by comparing changing transcripts in the rat analysis herein, to transcripts altered in previously published mouse studies of gonadal sex determination. A comparison of changing mouse and rat transcripts identified 43 genes with species conservation in sex determination and testis development. Profiles of gene expression during E13-E16 rat testis and ovary development are presented and candidate genes for involvement in sex determination and testis differentiation are identified. Analysis of cellular pathways did not reveal any specific pathways involving multiple candidate genes. However, the genes and gene network identified influence numerous cellular processes with cellular differentiation, proliferation, focal contact, RNA localization, and development being predominant. Keywords: expression analysis, testis, ovary, sex determination
2008-02-20 | GSE10558 | GEO
Project description:Gonadal sex determination represents a unique model for studying cell fate decisions. However, a complete understanding of the different cell lineages forming the developing testis and ovary remains elusive. Here, we investigated the origin, specification, and subsequent sex-specific differentiation of a previously uncharacterized population of supporting-like cells (SLCs) in the developing mouse gonads. The SLC lineage is closely related to the coelomic epithelium and specified as early as E10.5, making it the first somatic lineage to be specified in the bipotential gonad. SLC progenitors are localized within the genital ridge at the interface with the mesonephros and initially coexpress Wnt4 and Sox9. SLCs become sexually dimorphic around E12.5, progressively acquire a more Sertoli- or pregranulosa-like identity and contribute to the formation of the rete testis and rete ovarii. Last, we found that WNT4 is a crucial regulator of the SLC lineage and is required for normal development of the rete testis. In the present study, we built a transcriptomic atlas of the entire cell population of the developing female and male gonads during the process of mouse sex determination. We identified a previously uncharacterized population of supporting-like cells (SLC) and shed light on the origin and the developmental trajectory of this important cell lineage during the process of testis and ovary development.
2022-05-27 | GSE184708 | GEO
Project description:Mammalian gonadal sex determination is dependent on proper expression of sex determining genes in fetal gonadal somatic support cells (i.e., pre-granulosa and pre-Sertoli cells in XX and XY gonads, resp.). We used a unique transgenic mouse strain combined with microarray profiling to identify all the differentially expressed transcripts in XX and XY isolated somatic support cells during critical stages of gonadal development and differentiation. Experiment Overall Design: XX and XY somatic support cells (SSC) were isolated by flow cytometry from embryonic day (E) 11.5 and E12.5 mouse gonads. Total RNA was isolated from pools of isolated cells; 3 pools per sex and each timepoint.
2009-11-13 | E-GEOD-18211 | biostudies-arrayexpress