The DNA methylation landscape of enhancers in the guinea pig hippocampus
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Cavia porcellus
PROVIDER: GSE98549 | GEO | 2018/04/11
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:We describe that during early zebrafish development, DNA methylation has little influence on enhancer activity, and that hypo-methylation is a unique feature of primed enhancers, whereas active enhancers are generally hyper-methylated. Hypo-methylated enhancers (hypo-enhancers) are enriched close to important transcription factors (TFs) that act later in development, are specifically de-methylated before the mid blastula transition (MBT), and reside in a unique epigenetic environment. Finally, we demonstrate that hypo-enhancers are functionally active later in development and that they are physically associated with the transcriptional start site (TSS) of target-genes, irrespective of target-gene activity. we analyzed 5 novel ChIP-Seq libraries where we used the following AB (H3K27ac,H3K4me1,H3K4me2 and H3K27ac) and an Atac-Seq library.
2015-11-06 | E-GEOD-74231 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We applied sequential ChIP-bisulfite-sequencing for H3K4me1 and H3K27ac in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). By obtaining over ~4*10^9 bases of sequence from chromatin immunoprecipitated DNA which was bisulfite treated, we identified enhancers that were differentially methylated between these two marks. We found a global gain of CpG methylation, primarily in H3K4me1-marked nucleosomes during mouse ESC differentiation. This gain occurred largely in enhancer regions that regulate genes critical for differentiation. We showed that higher levels of DNA methylation in H3K4me1 comparing to H3K27ac indicates cellular heterogeneity of enhancer states. We then used single-cell RNA-seq profiles to show that this heterogeneity correlates with gene expression during ESC differentiation. Furthermore, we showed that heterogeneity of enhancer methylation correlates with transcription start site methylation. Our results provide insights into enhancer-based functional variation in complex biological systems.
2020-09-23 | GSE158378 | GEO
Project description:We report the application of ChIP bisulfite sequencing (ChIPbisSeq) to establish the methylation state of DNA bound to RNApol2 phosphorylated in Ser5 (RNAPol2Ser5) in the mouse cortex. We first profiled the RNAPol2Ser5 binding using regular ChIPSeq from 45 million raw read pairs (31 million unique pairs were aligned to the genome). Then we used bisulfite converted DNA immunoprecipitated with an antibody against RNAPol2Ser5 (87 million raw read pairs, 38 million unique read pairs aligned to the genome) to map RNAPol2Ser5 sites and to establish the methylation state at these sites.
2015-09-01 | GSE60657 | GEO
Project description:We report the application of ChIP bisulfite sequencing (ChIPbisSeq) to establish the methylation state of DNA bound to RNApol2 phosphorylated in Ser5 (RNAPol2Ser5) in the mouse cortex. We first profiled the RNAPol2Ser5 binding using regular ChIPSeq from 45 million raw read pairs (31 million unique pairs were aligned to the genome). Then we used bisulfite converted DNA immunoprecipitated with an antibody against RNAPol2Ser5 (87 million raw read pairs, 38 million unique read pairs aligned to the genome) to map RNAPol2Ser5 sites and to establish the methylation state at these sites. Examination of methylation state at RNAPol2Ser5 binding sites in the mouse cortex.
2015-09-01 | E-GEOD-60657 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Enhancers act to regulate cell type specific gene expression by facilitating the transcription of target genes. In mammalian cells active or primed enhancers are commonly marked by monomethylation of Histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me1) in a cell-type specific manner. Whether and how this histone modification regulates enhancer-dependent transcription programs in mammals has been unclear. In the present study, we conducted SILAC Mass-spec experiments with mono-nucleosomes and identified multiple H3K4me1 associated proteins, including proteins involved in chromatin remodeling. We demonstrate that H3K4me1 augments the association of the chromatin remodeling complex BAF to enhancers in vivo. Furthermore we show that in vitro, H3K4me1 nucleosomes are more efficiently remodeled by the BAF complex. Crystal structures of a BAF component BAF45c further reveal that monomethylation, but not trimethylation, is accommodated in this protein’s H3K4 binding site. Our results suggest that H3K4me1 plays an active role at enhancers by facilitating the binding of the BAF complex and possibly other chromatin regulators.
2018-10-23 | PXD007942 | Pride
Project description:During development and differentiation, enhancers, and not promoters are most dynamic in their DNA methylation status. However, the causal relationship between enhancer activity and methylation is not clear. Here, we describe that during early zebrafish development, enhancer activity has little influence on DNA methylation, and that hypo-methylation is a unique feature of primed enhancers, whereas active enhancers are hyper-methylated. Hypo-methylated enhancers (hypo-enhancers) are enriched close to important transcription factors (TFs) that act later in development, are specifically de-methylated before the maternal-zygotic transition (MZT), and reside in a unique epigenetic environment. Finally, we demonstrate that hypo-enhancers are functionally active and that they are physically associated with the transcriptional start site (TSS) of target-genes, irrespective of target-gene activity. In conclusion, we demonstrate that early development in zebrafish represents a time-window characterized by non-canonical DNA methylation-enhancer relationships, including global DNA hypo-methylation of inactive enhancers and DNA hyper-methylation of active enhancers. DNA methylation profiles of 4 time points during zebrafish early development.
2015-11-09 | E-GEOD-74789 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:<p>We characterized the epigenetic landscape of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) compared with osteoarthritis FLS. Multiple technologies were used, including ChIP-seq to assay H3K27ac, H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K36me3, H3K27me3, and H3K9me3, ATAC-seq for chromatin accessibility, the transcriptome by RNA-seq and whole genomic bisulfite sequencing for DNA methylation. Integrative analysis was performed using a novel unbiased method to identify regions of the genome that have similar epigenetic marks. The regions that distinguished RA and osteoarthritis cells were primarily located in active enhancers and promoters. The regions and genes identified included immunological pathways. In addition, some unexpected pathways, most notably "Huntington's Disease Signaling", were discovered. The Huntington's Disease pathway was biologically validated for Huntingtin-interacting protein-1, which regulated invasive behavior of FLS. For a complete description, see R. Ai <i>et al.</i>, Comprehensive epigenetic landscape of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. <i>Nat Commun</i> 9, 1921 (2018).</p> <p>Sequencing data of study participants are available through dbGaP's Authorized Access portal, while analyses of the sequencing data may be obtained through NCBI's GEO portal under <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE112658">GSE112658.</a></p>
| phs001615 | dbGaP
Project description:Enhancers are enriched by histone H3 lysine 4 mono methylation (H3K4me1). To gain insight into the relation between enhancers and developmental state, chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with massive parallel sequencing (ChIP-seq) was performed in several cell types to determine the genome-wide binding targets of H3K4me1 and several other possible enhancer associated modifications. DNA was enriched by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and analyzed by Solexa sequencing. A chromatin IP against histone H3 or whole cell extract was sequenced and used as the background to determine enrichment. ChIP was performed mainly using antibodies against the chromatin marks H3K4me1 and H3K27ac.
2010-10-31 | E-GEOD-24164 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:5′ methylation of cytosines in DNA molecules is an important epigenetic mark in eukaryotes. Bisulfite sequencing is the gold standard of DNA methylation detection, and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) has been widely used to detect methylation at single-nucleotide resolution on a genome-wide scale. However, sodium bisulfite is known to severely degrade DNA, which, in combination with biases introduced during PCR amplification, leads to unbalanced base representation in the final sequencing libraries. Enzymatic conversion of unmethylated cytosines to uracils can achieve the same end product for sequencing as does bisulfite treatment and does not affect the integrity of the DNA; enzymatic methylation sequencing may, thus, provide advantages over bisulfite sequencing.
2020-10-07 | GSE151616 | GEO
Project description:FOXA1 is a pioneer factor that is important in hormone dependent cancer cells to stabilise nuclear receptors, such as estrogen receptor (ER) to chromatin. FOXA1 binds to enhancers regions that are enriched in H3K4mono- and dimethylation (H3K4me1, H3K4me2) histone marks and evidence suggests that these marks are requisite events for FOXA1 to associate with enhancers to initate subsequent gene expression events. However, exogenous expression of FOXA1 has been shown to induce H3K4me1 and H3K4me2 signal at enhancer elements and the order of events and the functional importance of these events is not clear. We performed a FOXA1 Rapid Immunoprecipitation Mass Spectrometry of Endogenous Proteins (RIME) screen in ERα-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells in order to identify FOXA1 interacting partners and we found histone-lysine N-methyltransferase (MLL3) as the top FOXA1 interacting protein. MLL3 is typically thought to induce H3K4me3 at promoter regions, but recent findings suggest it may contribute to H3K4me1 deposition, in line with our observation that MLL3 associates with an enhancer specific protein. We performed MLL3 ChIP-seq in breast cancer cells and unexpectedly found that MLL3 binds mostly at non-promoter regions enhancers, in contrast to the prevailing hypothesis. MLL3 was shown to occupy regions marked by FOXA1 occupancy and as expected, H3K4me1 and H3K4me2. MLL3 binding was dependent on FOXA1, indicating that FOXA1 recruits MLL3 to chromatin. Motif analysis and subsequent genomic mapping revealed a role for Grainy head like protein-2 (GRHL2) which was shown to co-occupy regions of the chromatin with MLL3. Regions occupied by all three factors, namely FOXA1, MLL3 and GRHL2, were most enriched in H3K4me1. MLL3 silencing decreased H3K4me1 at enhancer elements, but had no appreciable impact on H3K4me3 at enhancer elements. We identify a complex relationship between FOXA1, MLL3 and H3K4me1 at enhancers in breast cancer and propose a mechanism whereby the pioneer factor FOXA1 can interact with a chromatin modifier MLL3, recruiting it to chromatin to facilitate the deposition of H3K4me1 histone marks, subsequently demarcating active enhancer elements.
2016-12-12 | PXD005253 | Pride