Project description:A variety of genes are responsible for regulating osteoclastogenesis in response to RANK Ligand. Microarray analysis was used to identify genes sensitive to RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were incubated with 50 ng/mL RANKL or vehicle control (3 replicates each). After 48 h, total RNA were harvested by an RNeasy Plus Mini Kit (QIAGEN).
Project description:Proteins secreted into the conditioned medium by human monocytic cell line, THP-1, or human buffy coat-derived monocytes polarised to either an M1 (incubation for 48 h with 100 ng/mL LPS and 20 ng/mL IFN-gamma) or M2 (incubation for 48 h with 20 ng/mL IL-4) phenotype. The conditioned medium was enriched for anionic molecules (including proteoglycans) by anion exchange chromatography prior to analysis.
Project description:TNFa stimulated human cultured podocytes compared with unstimulated (vehicle control (VC)) podocytes. Incubation of podocytes with high concentrations of TNF alpha led to an overexpression of ICAM1 in particular. We studied this system as a comparator for organoids also stimulated with the same concentration of TNFa. Four conditions (6 replicates each) 1) treatment (5 ng/mL TNFa) for 24 hours 2) control (PBS) for 24h 3) treatment (5 ng/mL TNFa) for 48 hours 4) control (PBS) for 48h
Project description:TNFa stimulated human cultured podocytes compared with unstimulated (vehicle control (VC)) podocytes. Incubation of podocytes with high concentrations of TNF alpha led to an overexpression of ICAM1 in particular. We studied this system as a comparator for organoids also stimulated with the same concentration of TNFa. Four conditions (6 replicates each) 1) treatment (5 ng/mL TNFa) for 24 hours 2) control (PBS) for 24h 3) treatment (5 ng/mL TNFa) for 48 hours 4) control (PBS) for 48h
Project description:Metabolic and nutrient-sensing pathways play an important role in controlling the efficacy of effector T cells. Oxygen is a critical regulator of cellular metabolism. However, during immune responses T cells must function in oxygen-deficient, or hypoxic, environments. Here, we used high resolution mass spectrometry to investigate how hypoxia configures the proteome of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). We identified and quantified over 7,600 proteins and discovered that hypoxia increased the abundance of a selected number of proteins in CTLs. This included glucose transporters, metabolic enzymes, transcription factors, cytolytic effector molecules, checkpoint receptors and adhesion molecules. While some of these proteins may augment the effector functions of CTLs, others may limit their cytotoxicity. These data provide a comprehensive resource for understanding the magnitude of the CTL response to hypoxia and emphasise the importance of oxygen-sensing pathways for controlling CD8+ T cells. Additionally, this study provides new understanding about how hypoxia may promote the effector function of CTLs, while contributing to their dysfunction in some contexts. For this project, P14 cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) were generated from T cells from the spleens of mice. CD8+ T cells were activated for 2 days with the P14-T cell receptor (TCR) cognate ligand (peptide gp33-41 from Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus, LCMV) in the presence of 20 ng/ml IL 2 (Proleukin) and 2 ng/ml IL-12 (Peprotech). Cells were grown in a humidified incubator with a gas atmosphere of 18% oxygen and 5% CO2 and a temperature of 37�C. After 48 hours, the activated CD8+ T cells were removed from TCR stimulation and were cultured in RPMI 1640, with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS), supplemented with 100 units/ml penicillin-G, 100 �g/ml streptomycin, 50 �M-mercaptoethanol and 20 ng/ml IL-2 (Proleukin). Each day, the T cells were counted and split to 500,000 cells per ml with fresh IL-2 being added to a final concentration of 20 ng/ml. CTLs were differentiated in IL-2 for 4 days, before being counted and re-suspended at a concentration of 300,000 cells per ml in RPMI with 10% foetal bovine serum, 50 units/ml penicillin-G, 50 �g/ml streptomycin, 50 �M-mercaptoethanol and 20 ng/ml IL-2. A volume of 8 mls of the cell suspension was plated per well of a 6 well plate, and the CTLs were either maintained in a gas atmosphere of 18% oxygen and 5% CO2 or transferred to an atmosphere of 1% O2 and 5% CO2 in a Galaxy 48 R incubator (Eppendorf) for 24 hours. Three biological replicates (CTLs generated from three separate spleens) were analysed in this experiment."
Project description:A variety of genes are responsible for regulating osteoclastogenesis in response to RANK Ligand. Microarray analysis was used to identify genes sensitive to RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells.
Project description:NRCMs were treated with ISO (10 μM) in the presence or absence of FGF18 (50 ng/ml) for 48 h. Protein bands at ~60 kDa were excised from the SDS-PAGE gels for LC-MS/MS analysis
Project description:Proteomics of carboxylated polystyrene bead (1.0 um) phagosomes from murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. cells were either resting or treated with 100 U/ml IFN-γ (PeproTech) and 100 ng/ml LPS (Sigma) for 24 h, 20 ng/ml Interleukin-4 (IL4) (BD Pharmingen) for 48 h, 20 ng/ml Interleukin-13 (IL13), 10 ng/ml Interleukin-10 (IL10)for 48 h or Reprogrammed (IL4 was incubated with BMDMs for 24 h, and the medium was replaced with fresh medium containing IFN-γ/LPS to incubate for another 24 h). Phagosomes were isolated after 30 min bead inoculation.
Project description:Human monocyte THP-1 cells obtained from ATCC were cultured in RPMI 1640 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) containing 10% FBS and supplemented with 10 mM Hepes (Gibco BRL). THP-1 was differentiated into macrophages by 24-h incubation with 160 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; Sigma, St. Louis, MO) followed by 24-h incubation in RPMI medium. Macrophages were further polarized to M1 macrophages by incubation with 10 pg/ml of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Sigma) and 20 ng/ml of interferon (IFN)-γ (R&D Systems, MN) and are referred to as M(LPS+IFN-γ) cells. M2 macrophages were obtained by incubation with 20 ng/ml of interleukin (IL)-4 (R&D Systems) and are referred to as M(IL4) cells. To test the represented polarization marker of PMA differentiated-THP-1 macrophages stimulated with 20 ng ml(-1) IFNγ + 10 pg ml(-1) LPS and 20 ng ml(-1) IL-4, which are known to influence macrophage polarization in vetro into the M1 and M2 state, respectively. We used microarrays to detail the gene expression pools to identify distinct M1 and M2 state during this process.